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Izixhumanisi Eziphuthumayo
Xa kufika ekugcineni i-batteries ze-48 volt zisafisiwe, kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu zezivikeli zokubhaliswa okuzenzakalelayo ezingena indawo. Isivikeli sika-UL 2271 sihlola uma le batteries zingakhethi izimbondo futhi zilindele ukwahlukaniswa kwezinhlelo zezekhono xa zisetshenziswa emaphilong njengako kwezisebenzi noma kwezihlangothi. Basebenzisa izivikeleko eziphazanyiswa, zifakwa entweni yamanzi, nokhunyutwa kwizinkelingo eziphephile. Kanti kunaseku-UN38.3 okudingeka njengoba le batteries kumele zithunyelwe endaweni yonke. Lokhu kusidla ukuthi zilindele ngisho xa amaphoyisa aphuma naphuma, ngemikhuhlane engalatshelwayo yokuthunyelwa, futhi xa zihlukunyezwa ngaphandle ngendlela eyingcono. IEC 62133 isebenza ngqo kumadivayisi atholakala, ihlolayo indlela ayichazayo xa ihlaziywa kangcono, ihlaziywa ngendlela eyingcono, futhi iphinde iphinde iphinde ikwaze ukuguqula nokuphumula. Le zinhlobo ezintathu zasebenza njenge-triangle yesafety, zinika abayidlola nebhambo ubunikazi lokuthi izinhlobo zabo ze-battery ze-48V zifinyelela izidingo ezibalulekile zokuphepha phakathi kwezimo ezahlukene.
| Ukuqinisekiswa | Isiqinisekiso Sesivumelwano | Iziparamitha Zovavanyo |
|---|---|---|
| UL 2271 | Ungcinwa Wezinkumba/Yizikhwama | Ukugcwalisa, Ukunikezela Kancinci, Ukuhlanjulula Kwesizulu |
| UN38.3 | Ukulondoloza Kwezohlelo | Ukuvulwa, Uphefumulo, Isahluko esingunaphakade |
| IEC 62133 | Ubuphelo ngokusetshenziswa kwezimali | Ukuguqulwa kwesithombi, Ukusulela okuthintekayo |
Loo msebenzi ususa amathuba okuhlukunyezwa kwisebe ngama-32% ngokusho kwebalazini yezimali zomphilo ye-2023.
Nakuba amabhathiri manje aphumelela kuzivikelo zokulungiswa emzimbeni ongcwele, okuthi kubaluleke ngempela kukhona ukuthi kuyasebenzena kanjani ngenxa yokushisa kwizimo ezihlala esebenzisana nazo. Isakhiwo sezingalo yokuhlanya kwegolide le-48 volt linamandla akhethekile ekugcineni umlando wokusebenza njengoba kushintshwa izindleko zokusebenza. Kangangoko abayenza baphatha izinto ezithile ezishintsha izimo noma izindlela eziphambili zokuhlanya, lezi zikhiye ziyahlukana kanjani umkhawulo wabhathiri uzoqhubeka kabusha kuze kube khona umthwalo. Ukuphatha kahle kokushisa kumelene nokulima kwezimo ezilungile ezibizwa ngokuthi 'thermal runaways', okubizwa ngokuthi yizo zinkinga ezikhulu kakhulu zabhathiri alithiyamu manje. Ngokwesiqephu esisha lesipho samasebe 2024, malunga nezintathu kuma-inthanhu yezinkinga zokuphepha kusenziwa ngaleso simo kuphela. Izakhiwo zabhathiri ezinezinkondlo zobumnindo obufakiwe nakuba ikhiye yendlela yokuhlanya engaphansi yenziwa kahle ngokushesha. Lezi zingalo zihlinza izigaba zeshisa kwiindawo ezinembulelo nangenxa yokulaya ngokushesha okuhlala kusenziwa. Abasebenzi basebenza ngemizuzu eyizilinganiso ukulawula ukuthi izivikelo ezithelekile ziphumelele njengoko kusenzekile emsebenzini.
Uma izinkampani zihlanganisa ngavertikal amandla wazo, zithola ubunikwane kwezinyathelo ezibalulekile njenge-gradeding yezincwadi kanye nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokuphatha izinhlabo. Izithalathekisi ephatha i-intelijense entsekayo ekulayisheni izincwadi ziyobona ukuthi kukhona uhlelo oluhlungileyo olubizwa ngama-3% phakathi kwizincwadi ezithile. Lokhu kudala okuncane kunezinkinga abazalisi bakholelwa ngazo uma bahlawula lezi zindlela, okwenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kube nenkinga engu-15 kuze kube ngu-20%. Ukudibanisa lokhu kakhulu nesoftware ye-BMS esisodwa esibheka izimo ze-voltage nezingozi zokunyuka kwesitshalo phakathi kwizincwadi zonke kususa izinkinga zokusebenza kumgca wasendaweni ngokungaguquki ngokugcina ama-37%, ngokomlando we-Institute Research Institute ngo-2023. Izinhlelo zokuphatha ukugcina kumgca wasendaweni futhi zisiza ekukhuliseni izinkinga zokudonsa okuthintwa ngokunyuka kwesitshalo, okunegunya elikhulu ekuphileni kwemoto ngokugcina izigaba zokulayisha.
Imithetho yokuthembeka enjalo ibonakalisa izikhathi eziningi zokusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo:
Idatha yaphakade kumathwebula amaqhawe ibonisa ukuthi amathwebula atholakala okwenzela ukutholakala kwezimo zokuhlukahluka ngokuphindwe kabonke kunezivivinyo zezinguqulo, okusinika ukubaluleka kwezibhendi kakhulu ngokuphindwe kabili kwezibhendi ezibalulekile njengezinhlelo zokugcina kwezempilo.
Ukuqondilekisa kwezimiso kuyakha isiphazamiso xa kufingeka ukuba lezi zibhamu ze-48V zisebenze ngempumelelo kumasebe womthombo. Kule ndawo, izindlela ezinhlelweyo zokuxhumana zasendleleni zihlanganisa. I-CANbus ihlanza izidingo zokubambezelwa kwemoto, i-Modbus isebenza kakade kumsebenzi wokulawula indawo yezindawo, kanti i-SMBus ihlanza ukulandelela inkathi yesimo sezindleko. Lezi zimiso ezahlukene zithumela ulwazi olubalulekile emuva nomaphakathi phakathi kwezibhamu nechiza ekhangeleke kulo. Bahlukanisa izinto ezijikelezayo njengezinga le-voltage, izilinganiso zesinkwa, kanye nale noma ziphi izikhathi izibhamu zazingelwa nokuphelwa kwesilawuli. Emva kwalokho, izifundo azinake ukulungisa izindlela zabo zokugcina ngokulandela lolu lwazi baze bavale izimo ezingcono njengekuthinta kwesinkwa. Xa abathengisi ababheki lezi zimiso ngaphandle kwesimaxholo sesibhamu, bazohlala bezidinga izisolve ithinta izindlela eziphakeme ukuze kube yimali yonke into ibaluleke. Ngokwesicwangciso esishicilelwe ngoPhephani elidlule ku-Journal of Power Electronics, lokhu kongezisa amazuzu ayizigidi ezingu-40% apho kungaba khona uphuhliso. Ngaphezu kwebalulekile kwebalulekile kwegciwini, kukhona futhi izidingo zomkhiqizo. Izinxobo ezigxuntshwe zikusiza ukufaka izibhamu ezindaweni eziphuthumayo ezahlukene, kusukela emakhineni anelectric kuze kube ngemfengo yokugcina umoya endlini noma kumsebe. Ukudibanisa lezi zimbili izinto kususa ubude bokuhlanganiswa ngama-30%, okubalulekile kakhulu ngoba akukho muntu angafuna ukuthi izibhamu zakhe ziqede zihlala engenziwa ngabe bangakwazi ukusebenzisa izixhobo zakhiwile.
Xa kubhekwa izibhamu ze-48V, abantu bathintana ngokulinganisa inani elinye kodwa angazingali okuthi labenza yini ngokwesikhathi. Ikhanda le-Depth of Discharge (DoD) lithola ukuthi siyithini inzuzo esinokuyisebenzisa ngalunye uluculo, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu xa izikhangala zilahla ngokuthi "3,000 nangaphezu kweminyaka ngama-80% DoD." Masiyigcine leli thekiso. Ibhata layithiyamthili ehlawula ngaproximately $1,200 etholakala 3,000 imicibisholo kusiza ku-40 cents ngalunye uluculo. Linganisa lokho no-bhata ye-lead-acid engcono ehlawula $600 kuphela etholakala 800 imicibisholo, lokho kusiza ku-75 cents ngalunye uluculo. Lokho kusho ukuthi izindleko zokusebenzisa zakhetha ngaproximately 90% ngaleso siminyaka. Xa isebenziswa kwiindlu zezimoto ezihamba ngokwelektrhile ngomnyaka weshumi, lezi zici zincinci zizakha kakhulu ngoba i-lithium iphila ngaphandle kokuthi ithathelwe kabusha. Ngaphezu koko, kunezidingo zokulungiswa futhi. Izibhamu ze-lithium zidinga ukulungiswa okuncane kangaka ngaproximately 90% kunazo ezifanayo ze-lead-acid. Futhi masingakholwa ngokuphazanyiswa kwenzuzo. I-lithium iphazanya phansi kuka-15 ukuya ku-30% ngokwenza izibhamu ezinye xa kuchazwa nokulaya. Konke lokhu kugcina kubonisa ukuthi kungani kubaluleke ekunakekelweni kwiindawo ze-lithium ze-48V nakuba zehlawula ngaphezu kokuqala.