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Izixhumanisi Eziphuthumayo
Izithuthi eziningi kakhulu ziyanzima kwi-48V battery systems ngoba zafakela ukuhlanganiswa okufanele kwemfundo, izici zokuphepha, nokulinganisa nezinye izixhobo. Xa iisistimu zisebenza ngama-48 volts, zithatha icuba encinane kwaye ifanelekileyo yokuphuma kwamandla, oko kuthetha ukuba kunciphise imvuselelo yamandla ngokungqinelana kwizikhangeli (khumbula ukuba P = I squared R formula esifundweni). Ngaphezu koko, le nto encinane icuba ikuvumela amakhampini ukusebenzisa iikhangeli eziphezulu ezingaphantsi komgama wawo. Enye indlela enkulu yokuwephesa kukuphepha. Ngama-48 volts, ezi sitemi zilinda phantsi kwama-60 volt Safety Extra Low Voltage eyayisisiko yiintsango ezihlabathi njenge-IEC 61140. Koko kuthetha ukuba abasebenzi bangazihlala ngomoya wokuba baziqwalasela izibuko zokugcina izishishini zokulungisa, futhi bangalilanda ukuthenga izicwangciso ezindeleyo ezininzi ngezinye iintlobo. Kwanjalo, lo mgama wovoltage ubaleke kakhulu kwizinto njengeentonga zomlando, izixhobo zokuzenzela izithuthi, nezibhodi zokubophelela kumazwe onke. Ngoko ke, izigaba azinako ukudibanisa ezi sistimi kwiyaqukethe ngaphandle kokuthenga ngamandla amakhankha okanye ukuguqula.
Isimo se-48V sikhula kakhulu ukusebenza ngokuchasene nokusebenza kwezinto ezinzima zokuphatha inzuzo. Kuningi kwezinye i-Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) kanye nezinverter zimanje zihlanganisa ikhophi ye-48V DC ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amabhethri asinike amandla ngokudlulela kwezinye izinyathelo zokuguqula inzuzo ukusuka ku-AC ku-DC noma ku-DC ku-DC ezidla inzuzo kakhulu. Okuthandazayo kungukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjalo kakhulu kwezinyathelo zasekuqaleni zomphakathi. Kuningi kwezithuthi zasekhaya ephatha izinhlelo zeminyakathuthi, i-PLCs, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokubophelela ngamandla we-48V. Ngoba kunezimo evela khona, ukuguqula kwi-batteries ebasekile kwe-lithium ezingama-48V kusenokwenzeka ngokushesha, kungaphatha umngcipheko omncane kumsebenzi, kungasingeki ukuthuthwa kwamandla amakhulu.
Ukulinganisa kahle kwezimali zomlando kuyisisekelo sokudizayina kwe-48V yebhatere yesikhwama. Lendlela isebenza izinhlelo ezingcono ezingcono kakhulu futhi kubala ukusetshenziswa kwabo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphazamiseka.
Qala ngokwenza uhlu olugcwele lwazo zonke izinto kumelwane bese wadinga ukuthi yini eyisikhathi esikhulu kuyo ngalunye. I-Clamp meters zisebenza kahle kule ndima, nokho, abanye abantu bayathanda izinhlelo zokudinga kancane uma bisebenzisa izimboni ezinkulu. Xa ususa uhlu, qeqeka kuzaqala kizinto ezingcono kumele zisebenze zonke izikhathi. Lokhu kufana nezokuphatha izindlela, lezi zivivili zokuphepha ezingcima izimboni uma kusoloko, nezodwa izinto zokuxhumana ezingcinezela izisebenziso ziqhagamshelwe kumele zibe yizokuqala. Okunye? Ukugcwalisa kwindawo yasebhange, izuniti zokushisa noma ukulima ezingaphatha ngqo izindlela zokwakha lezi zingakwazi ukulinda noma kususwa ngokuthutyana ngaphandle kokuthi kwenze izinkinga ezinkulu. Qinisekani ukuthi ubhalela izilinganiso ezihlanjwe ngokuthutya kodwa futhi uqaphele iziphakamiso ezimangalisayo zokuthanda kwezimali. Amamotolo nezinkomfa ezinkulu zaziwa ngokuthatha amathripla kwezimali zabo zonke uma ziqala, ngakho kubalulekile ukwazi yini ekhona ngaleso sikhathi sezokuthola.
| Uhlobo lweqipho | Isilinganiso se-Amehlo | Ubukhalonzi |
|---|---|---|
| Izinhlelo Zokulawula Umsebenzi | 300–800 W | Kunye |
| Izva & Izezo zeNethiwekhi | 500–1500 W | Kunye |
| Ikomipresiya ze-HVAC | 2000–5000 W | Umkalo |
| Ukugcwalisa Indlu | 100–300 W | Phantsi |
Izixhobo zokumisa imodeli yesimanje zilungisa iziphazamiso ngama-39% kunokubala ngendlela yokushaya, xa zihlukaniswe ngedatha yomsebenzi odlulileyo. Bala i-kWh ngexesha elilodwa ngokuphindaphinda i-wattage esiphindaphindwe ngeemini zomsebenzi, emva koko yongeza ibhafu ya-25% yezixhobo zokuphelelwa kwayo kwaye ukunyuswa kusizukulwana.
Izikhala zonke zomthutho zilandela izahluko ze-uptime zokuzenzakalela manje. Izilawulo ze-Tier III zidinga ukufakelwa okuphakade kakhulu okanye kube yizilinganiso 99.982%, ngelixa izikhala ze-Tier II ziyashiyela ngaphezu kwe-99.741%. Xa kubhekwa izivinini zezixhobo, kukhona umehluko mkhulu phakathi kwezimali ezigcwele njengezinguvo ye-SCADA nezinhlayiya eziqala nezaqeda ngenkathi yazo zonke izikhathi zokusebenza. Kuzinto eziningi kakhulu kwizixhobo ezibalulekileyo, izinyathelo eziningi ziya kuthatha into engaziwa ngokuba yi-N+1 redundancy setup. Lokhu kusho kabangcolisa amandla esekethe esinokwenzeka ngaphezu kweziphumo zokugcina ngumoduli omusha wodwa. Kodwa futhi izimo zezinkozana zibaluleke. Ukusebenza kwebhatere le-lithium kuchukuma kakhulu xa izilinganiso zempika zingaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ngokuzenzakalela. Ezingeni lokucindezelwa (0 degrees Celsius), le bhatere zihlinza kuphela ama-15 kuze kube ngu-20% kuphela kwezimali zabo ezimiselwe ngokulinganiswa nokuzima okuzenzakalelayo wezilinganiso ze-25 degrees Celsius.
Ukuthola isayizi eyi-48V esiyakudinga kuyo iqhina le-battery kufanele siqale ngokubala okwenzekayo izikhathi ezingu-kilowatt (kWh) esidingayo. Imibalo embalwa ibonakala kanjalo: Thatha indiza ephambili ngama-kilowatts bese uyiziphindisa ngenkathi esifuna ukutholakala kwesimiso. Bese uhlukanisa le nombolo ngobantu babili - kuqala, ipheresente yoko kuthathwa khona (depth of discharge), bese ngokwesibili, ifaktara lokusebenza kwesistimu. Amakhini ase lithium anakekela phakathi kwe-80 kuya ku-90% yoko kuthathwa khona, okuyisibini esikhulu kunaleyo amakhini ase lead acid abasebenzisa ngaphandle kwe-50%. Masithi umuntu mofani afuna amandla we-10 kW ngeminyaka engu-four ngaphakathi kwe-80% yoko kuthathwa khona nokusebenza kwesistimu kwe-95%. Uma senze imibalo, sithola okwengeziwe 52.6 kWh esidingayo. Ukuze sishintshise into ngamabhori ngokwe-amp mayelana no-48V, just multiply the kWh by 1000 and then divide by 48 volts. Lokhu kusinda ngaproximately 1,096 amabhori okuhamba. Ukulandela le ndlela kusiza ukuzivikela ukuthenga amakhini amancane kangaka ngelinye ihlangothi kanti kube nodwa kwizindleko ngokwesikhathi futhi kugcine inkomba engcono ngosuku lwokuqala.
Xa sifuna ukusawula amandla esikhalo ngaphandle kwezolo eletshiya, sibonakala sonke sisenza kukuthi siphindaphindwe isikhathi sethu sokusetshenziswa ngosuku ngokuthi kudinga ukulala ngizolo. Mhlawumbe sibuke umzekelo: uma indawo isithintela ngaso masinyane amakhilowethi engu-120 ngosuku futhi ifuna izintathu ngokuphelele zezolo zokuphatha 80% kwezinkinga zokuphatha, izibalo zihlela kanjalo. Thatha lezi 120 kWh phindaphinda ngezintathu zizolo zilive 360, emuva koko cabangela ngu-0.8 ngoba kunezidingo ze-80%, lokhu kusinika ngaprox 450 kWh esidingayo. Kodwa, akukho muntu ofakazela emehlweni ephelele. Umkhuxa kuphela kusiva amandla e-bethethri ngama-20% xa izinkukhu zilapha ngezulu. I-bethethri ye-lithium isula kusimama ngexesha, ngama-3% ngayinye inguva. Nakuba kunezidingo ezimbi zokudonsa kakhulu, inqanawa isuke iphazamise amandla okususwa okwenzeka kunciphisa amandla esetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezidingo. Ngaleso sikhathi, abaningi abasebenzisa izibalo bafaka okudala kwe-25 ukuya ku-30% ukuze kuhlale kubi. Lokhu kususela kusibalo sethu esiphindile kusuka ku-450 ukuze kufinyelele kusukela ku-562 kWh yamandla aphelele, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinto zisebenza kahle nakuba kunezinkinga ezingavunyelwanga ngemva kokuphazamisa kwezandla ngemva kwezinkukhu ezide.
Imithombo emaphakathi ekusetyenziswa kwiindawo zomndimanga iqonda ukuba iiseyile-epharaleli ukulungisa isiphumo se-48V nangona izililo eziyancibilika. Xa iibhatere ngaseyigqo, zifinyelela ikhanda elidingekayo. Ukongeza kwabo ngokupharaleli kuthuthukisa indima yonke (kulinganiswa nge-Ah) ukuze imithombo ibaleke ngokude ngexesha lokungqeshwa kwezono. Ubungakanani buyiya kukuba lo msebenzi ungavumele ukunxibelelana okanye ukungahambelani komoya okuqukithiweyo okuyilo xa kuqala ukufa kwebhatere. Ngokomzekelo, umdibaniso owafunyanwa ngokubanzi o bitshwayo yi-4S4P, okuthetha amaxesha amane anamaxesha amane ahlanjisiwe ngokugqibeleleyo. Lokhu kamenza ikhanda elidingekayo le-48 volts njengoko kuchazwa, kwaye kumthabatha kabini indima yonke inzulu ezine. Oku makhaya kakhulu kukuba kufunekile siyikholelwe ukuba umoya usenyezela ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke iinxalenye eziphakanyayo. Abasesebe abaninzi bazi ukuba ukulawula ukwandiswa phantsi kwe-5% kudinga ukuplaneka okucacileyo kweebhasibhara kwaye zicaciswe ngokucophelelayo iicele. Iivivinyo zokulinganisa ubomi bezityalo ezidolophuwe kwindawo zomndimanga zilandelayo zixhomekeke kolu daba ngokuvikeleyo.
Kulabo abasebenzisa izikhungo ezinezakhono zeTier III noma IV ezilondoloza indawo ethandwayo yokusebenza ngeminyaka engu-99.995%, ukubuyiselwa kweN+1 akusaphandle kodwa kudingeka kakhulu. Xa imodi eyodwa ihlala, izisekoziso ziqhubeka ngaphandle komphikiswano. Indlela engezansi iyinhlaka nezinye izihlenga ezivamile zokugqakaza izinto eziphathelene ngempela emizuzwini emithathu. Ngokwenzakalo, lezi zinhlanganiseli zibekwe ngendlela esebenza ngcono ngokuthi kudingeka ukuguquka, ngokuthi kunezikhungo ezivamile. Izikhungo zingakhula ngokujikeleza, faka okungekho kakhulu kakhulu kwe-5 kWh njengoko kudingeka. Akudingeki wanchelepha kabili. Amakhampini athola ukuthi adonsela ngaphezu kuka-60% emakethe kusheshayo xa ishintsha kumahluko amandulo angaphandle kokuhlanjulwa. Imvavanyo yakamuva ya-2023 ivikela lokhu, ibonisa kangakanani imali itholakala ngokwesheshayo ngalokho njengesimo sengcinga esinokushintshwa.