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Xa ubheka amagilathi e-lithium ion yezinverter, kukhona amathri amathathu okucinga: ukubanga olwaziswa ngokwezimali (Ah), amandla owaziswa kwiwath-ilhour (Wh), kunye nevoltage (V). Vumela sithatha i-100Ah evela kwi-12 volts njengomzekelo. Dityanisa le nani kanye kwaye sifumana ngoko kwicala 1,200 watt-ilhour yemandla egcinwe. I-voltage ikhona into enkulu xa kudityaniswa amagilathi nezinverter. Amakhaya anqanda ngokusebenzisa 12V, 24V, okanye ngamaxesha 48V ngokwokunye nezidingo. Okuqinisekileyo kubonisa ukuti yintoni na itime yokuqala le system iyakusebenza nguye ngokubanzi kwezimali ezingenakukwenzeka kwiwath-ilhour. Le nani iyakuphuhlisa zonke iivoltage kunye nezinto zokulingiswa kwiqela elinye elibonisa ngqo ukuti yintoni na iindawo zokusebenzela zilandelayo kwiinkqubo zethu.
Ukubala itime yokuqala:
Ngokwesibonelo, ibhata ye-1,200Wh ephindwa yiload ye-500W nge-90% inverter efficiency ikunika ngapela amahora angu-2.16 (1,200 × 0.9 × 500). Hlola ukuba uyengeza amaphesenti angu-20% ekupheleni ukubonakala kwesikhala, imishango yemfutho, nokuvulelwa okungaziwa.
Isikhathi sokusebenza ngokwesibonelo siphansi kancane nge-10–15% ngaphansi kwezibonelo zokulinganisa ngokwemikhiqizo efanayo:
Ibhatere lithiyam le-iron phosphate (LiFePO4) zinikeza amandla ohlelweni olungileyo (95-98%) ngokulinganisa nezilwane ezilwana (80-85%), okwenza wena ngokwengeza inverter lapho kudingeka ukulinda khathula.
Ubukhulu be-Discharge (DoD) kuvumela ukuthi sibone yini leqembu leqembu le-ebhetheli lasebenziswe ngempela kulingana nalo akhona. Xa sikhuluma ngezinhlayiya zokubhitya ezisetshenziswayo kulezi zinhlelo zokuthola, le DoD inesikhumba esinhle esibeni: okokuqala, yini leqembu lemotika esikhona xa kudingeka, futhi, okwesibili, yidinga lebhekhani lizoba phambi kokuthi kudingekwe ukubuyiselwa. Izinhlayiya zokubhitya zokwenzeka zisebenzisa amadhliso amakhulu ngokungafani nezinhlayiya zaseNhlwane. Kodwa leyo nto ibaluleke: uma abantu bathi bavule izinhlayiya zokubhitya ngokuphelele, lokhu kwenza ukuthiwane kakhulu kwezinto ezifakwayo ngaphakathi. Izilayithi ezikhona ngaphakathi ziqala ukuthi zilale kakhulu ngaphansi kwalokho kweqembu, okusebenzela ukuthi lebhetheli ngeke iyahlale ingcinwe ngokujwayelekile ngemuva kweminyaka engama cycles.
Ubude bebhetheli bakhona ngokushlango ngezikhala ezingaphansi. Ubudlelwane busebenza ngendlela efanayo:
| I-DoD Level | Ukubalwa Kwe-Cycle Count |
|---|---|
| 100% DoD | ~500 cycles |
| 80% DoD | ~1,000 cycles |
| 50% DoD | ~2,500 cycles |
| 20% DoD | ~5,000+ cycles |
Ukucyclelela okuphansi kuxhuma kwezilattice e cathode, kubangela ukunciphisa ukugcwele kwegcine kucycle. Ukulimita isebenza kusuku kuya kuya 30% DoD ngenkohlwa ya 80% kungenxa yokuphindwa kabane umoya wasebenzi ngaphambi kokubuya kweyebhethri kuya kuya 80% weqembu lakhe lokuqala. I-tempreature iyasebenza fano - ukusebenza kwi 25 ° C ikhipha amathimesi wokugcina ngaphansi kuya kuya 40 ° C.
Ukuze ubalule kahle kwezisebenzi nokude kasebenze:
I-Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) isasethe kakhemistry ephathekileyo kumasebenzi esivumelwano ngokuphephile, ukudelela nokuphephile kwayo. I-cathode yayo enye ye-phosphate yenziwa ngokuphephile kakhulu, ikhathazeke kakhulu kunaleyo ye-NMC noma ye-NCA - ngakumbi kizindaweni ezithunyelweyo noma ezungafanele ezithunyelweyo.
I-LiFePO4 inokuqina kwamandla okuzungeze u-120 kuya ku-160 Wh ngekg, okucishe kufane namabhethri e-NMC kodwa kunezinzuzo ezinkulu uma kuziwa ekuhlaleni izinzile ngaphansi kokushisa namakhemikhali. Okunye okuhle ukuthi ayinayo i-cobalt enobuthi, okwenza yonke inqubo yokuvuselela ibe lula kakhulu futhi inciphise umonakalo ongokomzwelo. Okwenza lolu hlobo lwebhethri luvelele nakakhulu ukwakheka kwalo kwe-phosphate okungeke kukhulule umoya-mpilo lapho izinto zishisa kakhulu, ngakho mancane amathuba okuba kuqhume imililo. Kubantu abafuna ukufaka izinhlelo zamandla elanga ekhaya noma ukusetha izixazululo zamandla ezindaweni ezikude, lezi zici zisho ukuthi amabhethri e-LiFePO4 avame ukubhekwa njengokuzibophezela okuphephile uma eqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela, ikakhulukazi njengoba evame ukuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokwehluleka ngokungalindelekile.
Ibhetri yase LiFePO4 ithumela ngemibuzo engama-2,000–5,000+ kwi-80% DoD, yadla ngokuphelela kwezinye i-NMC kabili. Lokhu kuyindlela yokuthiwa yisisekelo esinamathuba okusebenzisa ngokudlulwe kwezokugcinwa kwezilanga nezokuvikela amandla. Iqondo lokuba yindlela yokusebenza kakhulu kwezindlela zokugcinwa ngaphandle kwezindlela zokulula zokulungisa amandla.
Noma kunemali ephakeme ngokuqala, ibhetri yase LiFePO4 inemali encane kulo msebenzi ngokudlulwe kwesikhathi eside—sengathi kude kunesikhombisa kanye ngesikhathi engu-8, kungaba nezinto ezingenaso. Iindlela zokusebenza zokugcinwa kwezimali zibonisa ukuba izindleko zokugcinwa ziphansi kuma-$0.06/kWh emva kwezinyanga ezi-3 zokusebenza, kuyindlela yokuthiwa yisisekelo esinamathuba ngokudlulwe kwezinye i-lead-acid noma i-NMC.
Ukuphakathi kwesikati kwenza indima encane kakhulu ngokuthi ikhwezi yabantu yini ngemva nje. Uma sibheka ukuphakathi okuphakathi kwe-40 degrees Celsius kunoma ukuphakathi okuphakathi kwe-25 degrees, sibona ukuthi ukulwa komkhawulo kwenza ngokuphindwe kabili. Lokhu kuyindlela engu-SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) layer ikhula ngokushesha futhi kunezinkinga eziyinhleli ezingaphezulu. Ngokwesibindi, uma kuba nguqulu, izinhlayiya zikhishwa ngokushesha kunekhwezi, okungathi azikwazi ukunikeza amandla ngokushesha ngemva kokulwa. Imvavanyo ikusho ukuthi ukugcina ikhwezi phakathi kwe-20 kanye ne-30 degrees Celsius noma ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokulula noma noma yiliphi indlela yokuphatha ukuphakathi okuyinhloko kungakwazi ukugcina ubude bokuphila kwekhwezi ngokuphindwe kabili futhi ngokwezimvavanyo ezahlukene ezweni leli. Kuye kubaluleke ukuba abanye abasebenzisa ikhwezi bahlale kude kakhulu kumaqo amabi futhi bazi ukuthi kunezindlela zokulula zokuphatha ukuphakathi kuzo.
Ibatteri zokuphila ngemva kahle uma sikhuphela ivolti yekugcina kulinganiselwe ku-4.1 volts ngalunye ilitha futhi sithinte ukuthi kugcine kulinganiselwe ku-2.5 volts ngalunye ilitha. Lapho ibatteri ivakelepha phakathi kwe-20% kanye ne-80% yokulayishwa ngenkathi engivele kusukela kusuka kufutshane kuya kugcina, lokhu kwenza ukuthi kugcine kuholela kwezinye izindlela kudinga ngaphansi ngenkathi kungaholela ekugcineni kwezinye izindlela. Ukulayisha ngokusheshayo kakhulu ngaphezulu kwe-1C kungaholela ekugcineni kwebatteri ngokusheshayo ngenkathi kungaholela ekugcineni kwebatteri ngama-15% kuya kuma-20% ngokulinganisa nezindlela eziphansi kwe-0.5C. Izingxenye zokuphatha ibatteri eziqondile nezinto eziqondile zokulayisha zilungisa ivolti yazo ngokulinganisa kuthayiphi kwezinsukwana, lokhu kungaholela ukuthi kugcine kuholela kwezinye izindlela kudinga ngaphansi. Kodwa, akukho noma yiziphi izingxenye ezoqondile, ngakho-ke ukukhetha eyodwa esebenza ngokushesha kwezinye izimo kungaholela ukuthi kudinga ngaphansi kwebamba kude.
Ukuze uvikele isayithi sokugcinwa kwamagijele lapho kungasebenzi:
Lezi zindlela zingakhipha ukungcola kwesikhathi ngo-12–18 izinyanga. Izinga lokulondoloza ezindaweni ziphethe izimfanelo zokukhanya okanye izimo zombane, zinikeza amandla okwenza ukulungisa ngokomdla. I-BMS esebenzayo ngokuhlangana ngokuphelele yindlela enembile kakhulu yokuvikela ukungabi namandla.
Sebenzisa le fomula ukuqinisekisa ubungako ofanele:
I-Watt-hours (Wh) = Inverter Load (W) × Desired Runtime (Hours)
Ukuze ulayele 1,000W ofuneka ukugcina phansi ngezinsuku eziyi-5, uneedinga kakhulu ye-5,000Wh. Ngoba amabhatere e-lithium-ion isekela ukusebenza kwe-80–90% DoD (ngokulingana ne-50% yamabhatere e-lead-acid), unako ukusebenzisa ngaphezulu kwemikhiqizo yabo. Faka amabhaffa e-20% ukuze akhupheke ukungcono nokunyuka kwamandla.
| Ubukhulu Bomthambo | I-Voltage Esiyothekayo | I-Capacity Range (Ah) |
|---|---|---|
| I-Home Ephantsi (500W–1kW) | 24V noma 48V | 50Ah–100Ah |
| I-Home/I-Office Ephakathi | 48V | 100Ah–200Ah |
| I-Khululekile/Ukusebenzwa Okuningi | 48V noma 60V | 200Ah–400Ah |
Kubalulekile ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi ivolti ye-battery iyafanana ne-inverter ikudinga ekupakelweni kwalo. Sebenzisa i-48V battery njengombane kufanele ikusebenze nesistimu ye-48V inverter. Xa kukhona ukungalingani phakathi kwezilili zokusebenza, izinto zivaqela ukuba zingahlanjelwa okungenzeka noma kuthiwa amathuluzi. Okunye okubaluleke ukujikeleza ukuthi na leli battery ikwazi ukuthola lezi ziphumo ezimbuyelela zokusebenza kwamamotolo noma xa kusebenza amakomipresi. Lezi ziphumo isebenza ngama-2 ukuya ku-3 thelangu yamawatt ekuqondweni. I-batteries zelithiyam Vhosphet (LiFePO4) zinhamba ngokuhle kule ndawo ngoba zinezikhomo eziphansi kwazo zokulingana nezinye izinhlobo. Uma abantu bathanda ukugcina amathuluzi ngokujabulisa, kufanele balethe kwezifiso esekela kuzo izwi zokuxhumana njenge-CAN bus noma RS485. Lezi zixhumanisa ukukhombisa izindlela eziphambene ne-voltage, izindlela zokulinga, futhi ukuthi yini indawo yoku-geya (SoC) ngokuvamile ekusebenzeni.
Ngokuvumelanisa inkawo, ubuchemistry, nokudizajana kwe system, amagcella akho aseLithium ion athule amandla angcono, angcono kakhulu, nokudala amandla okuphezulu ngemva kwezinsuku eziningi.
Izinhloso zelithiyamkhulu zinikeza inkawo ephakeme kakhulu, ubude bokuphila obude, nokusebenza okuphakeme kakhulu kumaqondo amaningi kunzinhloso zelithiyamkhulu.
LiFePO4 ithandwa ngokuba yisicelo, ukuphakama komoya, nokude bokuphila okuphakeme, okwenza yinto engcono kakhulu yokuxhuma futhi yokuthatha izinsuku eziningi kuzinhloso zokuxhuma.
Izinkelo eziphakathi kuvumela ukugaywa, ngelokho izinkelo ezingaphansi kuvumela ukudlala okude. Ukulungiselela izinkelo kubaba phakathi kwe-20–30°C kuyindlela esebenza ngayo ukugcinwa kwamandla.
Ukuba ufuna ukudlala okude, vumela LiFePO4 kuya ≤80% DoD futhu chemistries ye-NMC/NCA kuya ≤60% DoD. Ukulandela le mithi elimphumela ukunciphisa ukushisa kwaye ukuvumela ukudlala okude kwamandla.
Lungiselela amandla okulayishwa, evike izinkelo ezikhulu, futhu sebenzisa ukusebenza okuncane ukulandela ukudlala okude kwaye ukuvikela ukugaywa.