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Amabhethri e-lithium abaluleke kakhulu emakhaya anamuhla ngoba asebenza kahle futhi ahlala isikhathi eside kunamanye. La mabhethri agcina ugesi owakhiwe ngamapaneli elanga ophahleni, okusho ukuthi abantu basakwazi ukusebenzisa amandla ahlanzekile lapho ilanga lingakhanyi noma lapho ugesi uphela. Abantu bavame ukubiza lezi zinto ngokuthi amabhethri elanga noma ngezinye izikhathi bazibiza ngokuthi amabhange kagesi elanga asekhaya. Ubuchwepheshe be-lithium benza imikhaya ikwazi ukuthola okuningi emithonjeni yayo yamandla avuselelekayo. Lapho sibheka amabhethri amadala e-lead-acid, ama-lithium version avelele ngoba awalahlekelwa amandla awo ngokushesha futhi akwazi ukulayisha nokukhishwa izikhathi eziningi ngaphambi kokuba aguge. Izifundo ezivela ezindaweni ezinjengeNational Renewable Energy Lab nazo ziyakubonisa lokhu. Noma ubani ofuna ukunciphisa ukuthembela emithonjeni kagesi yangaphandle futhi anciphise nomthelela emvelweni, ukutshala imali kumabhethri e-lithium asezingeni elifanele kunengqondo kakhulu ukuze konakale isikhathi eside futhi kube nokuthula kwengqondo.
Ukuhlanganisa ibetheli yasolari kuseto lwamakhosi kwenza ukuba kube nemiphumela emaningi yokunciphisa imali futhi yenziwe ngendlela efihla umhlaba. Abakhokho bokudla babona ukuba amaphoyinti avela kakhulu ngoba le betheli ikhumbula amandla ngendlela efanele, ngakho akudingeki ukuthatha amandla anezimali ephakeme kumele uthathe kwezindleko. Abalingani bejikeleza baziya kubika imali noma ukunceda kwezimali kubantu abayisetha lezisitim kwezibetheli zomakhosi, lokhu kunceda ukukhuphisa izindleko zokuqala. Ngokomhlaba, ukusebenzisa amandla asolari kuncipha amacemu akhabonkulu ngokukhulu kunokutheni amandla okuqondile, lokhu kwenza amakhosi abe nezimali ezingcono. Futhi kukhona into ethandwa ngokuthi kune mandla wokuzivikela osemkhathini. Xa izulu zipho amandla kumele zipho kumele kuzo nenhla yasemathini lapho bonke baphefumana amandla, isitim solari esihle senza ukuthi izibani zibe nezindleko futhi zisebenze ngendlela ethembekile.
Kunoma kumele kuzobona izinko ezisebenzayo kwezokugcinwa kwezindleko zasekhaya, kumele uyazi ukuthi yini ehlukanisa izibhatheli ezijwayelekile ze-lithium-ion kuma-lithium iron phosphate (LFP). Izibhatheli ze-lithium-ion ngokwesibonelo banezindleko eziphezulu ngasenkonzeni, ngakho ke kufanele kuzo lapho kumele kubekwe amandla. Ngalesi sikhathi amakhulu abeza nazo kuzo lapho kumele kubekwe khona kasekhaya. Ngokwesinye iseluleko, izibhatheli ze-LFP asinayo ukwephahla fikelela kakhulu banezobukhona ngokujwayelekile, okwenza amathuba okulwa kwezindleko ayiphansi. Abanye abathanda izibhatheli ze-lithium-ion ngokuba asinayo amandla kakhulu abasebenza ngendlela ejwayelekile, noma kunjalo abanye bahlala kuzo LFP ngokuba kumele kusebenze kahle noma lapho kumele kuthathwe amandla aphakeme. Ngokwemali, izibhatheli ze-lithium-ion ngokwesibonelo zinehla kakhulu ngokuqala, kodwa ngokanye ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kungaba kufanele kudinga kakhulu ngokwesibonelo ukuthi yini amandla abadinga ngalo ngezinye izinsuku.
Ukuqonda ukuchanya phakathi kwe-AC no-DC coupling xa uvule isicathami sozokugcinwa kwamandla endlini kuyindlela esebenza ngayo ukudizaynwa kwalokhu. Ngokwesicathami se-AC coupled, amandla wesilonto ikhutywa ku-AC kuqala, okwenza ukuxhuma kwezinto ngokwesikhundla esivele kakhulu endlini yabantu kube lula. Ngakho ke abantu bathanda ukulanda le ndlela xa bayeza amandla wesilonto endlini yabo edlule. Ngohlangothi, izicathami ze-DC coupled zixhuma ngqo kumapaneli wesilonto, ekhutywa umoya ngqo ku-DC ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuguqula. Lokhu kusebenza ngempela endlini evulelwe ngokuphelele ngezilonto ezifakwe kusizo, nganti akukho hlobo lomkhomo wesiyawo esidliwe. Ngakho ke uma abantu ayifuna into ebalulekileyo ekuxhuneni nezikhundla zabo ezisebenzayo, i-AC ngokwabo. Kodwa endlini entsha apho silonto iyisicelo esifakwe kusizo, ukulanda i-DC ngokwesibonelo kusebenza ngempela ngokwesikhathi eside ngaphaya kwezinkinga eziphambene nokuvula.
Ukujonga amathikhowodwa wokugcina umoya phakathi kwevile kuthuthukisa ukufunda ngemodi yebhethri kanye nobizo Depth of Discharge noma DoD. Imodi kungenxa yokuqinisela ukuthi yini lebhethri inakelela, okuqondile kumele kubekwe kikhiwathile (kWh). DoD ikusho ukuthi yini lebhethri ethumelela kusetyenziswa ngokwanele kumodi yonke. Lebhethri ene DoD ephakeme kuvumela ukuthi sithumelele kwehla ngaphandle kokudinga ukulayisha kwakhona, oku kungenxa yokuqina kweyona. Abasebenzi bokudlala ukudlala ukukhetha ubukhulu obufanele betheni kufanele bakhethiwe ukusebenzisa imodi yabo yasekhaya. Akukho mntu afuna ukukhetha okuncinci fika kuzo ukudinga okuphezulu komalayisho, noma ukukhetha okuphezulu kakhulu fika kuzo ukugcina imali kwiimodi ezingasetyenziswa. Ukwenza loku balwa ngokufanele kuvumela ukuba kube nemoya oqinileyo oqinileyo ngelixa kuvumela ukuba imali ingaphantsi kwezindleko ezingadlulwayo.
Xa kufana nezibheti, ubudlelwane bokugeza ukuthini kubangela ukuphawula nokulayisha kabusho ngaphambi kokuba liyasebenza ngokuphezulu. Le ndawo inemiphumela eyinkulu xa kubalwa ukuphi kwezibheti kuzosaba futhi kungaba yimaliphi xa kusebenza ngokuthulula. Izibheti ezingaphezulu kwezinyathelo ziyasebenza ngokude kwezinyathelo ezifewekayo, okwenza ukuba kube yimaliphi kwezimali ngokudla. Amakhubekelo e-Energy Storage Systems ahlukene nezinkululeko ezifana nezinyanga ezingu-5 kuya kuma-10. Lezi zinkululeko zihlinza izinkinga ezisungulwe yizimo ezimbiyo. Ziningi lezo akusho futhi okuthile ngokuthi kudinga ukuphawula okuphezulu. Inkululeko encane eyihlinza akukho kuphula kuphela kodwa futhi izimo ezisebenzayo kuyadinga ukuthi kwehlise ukubonakala kwezinhlelo. Abakhethi lezi zinhlelo bathanda ukuthi bafundwe ukuthi izidingo zabo zingasekwa ngokwehlile noma zingapheli kabusho, ngakho ke inkululeko encane enempumelelo iphawule ukuthi bakhona ngokuthi yini abayithengayo.
Ukuphepha kumelwe kube yinto eyinhloko lapho ukhetha izindlela zokugcina amandla ekhaya. Abantu abaningi bafuna imikhiqizo eqinisekiswe ngaphansi kwe-UL 9540 noma i-IEC 62619 ngoba lezi zivivinyo empeleni zihlola ukuthi amabhethri azohlala ephephile yini ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela. Yini eyenza lezi zitifiketi zibaluleke? Bahlola ukuthi izinhlelo zingabhekana yini nezinkinga zokushisa ngaphambi kokuba izinto zibe yingozi futhi zivimbele imililo ukuba ingasakazeki ezindongeni noma emagumbini angomakhelwane. Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla bamabhethri buhlanganisa izinto ezinjengohlelo lokushisa olwakhelwe ngaphakathi nezigqoko zangaphandle eziqinile ezinciphisa ngempela izingozi ezingaba khona. Lapho ufaka noma isiphi isixazululo sokugcina, hlola kabili lezo zimpawu zokuqinisekisa futhi ufunde ngokucophelela imihlahlandlela yomkhiqizi. Ungakhohlwa nokugcina indlu isesimweni esihle - ukuhlola ukuxhuma, ukubheka izimpawu zokugqwala nokugcina izinga lokushisa liqaphile kuyasiza kakhulu ekuvikeleni wonke umuntu endlini kuyilapho kuqinisekisa ukuthi imali oyitshalile ihlala iminyaka kunezinyanga.
Xa izimvu ziphakathi kancane kune okuphakelwe, amabhethri ngeke zisebenze ngendlela efanayo. Ikapasiti iphansi kakhulu futhi ukulayisha kubala ngokude kulezi zimo ezibhane. Kepha kunezindlela zokuthokozisa abantu abaphila ezindaweni eziphansi. Amabhethri e-Lithium Iron Phosphate, engxukwana ngokuthiwa ngokuthini lapho aqoshwe, ayisebenza ngokulungile kakhulu xa kuchazwe ukuthi zinzile kakhulu noma ukuthi zinzile kancane ngokuthi zinezimbo eziphezulu zokuvumelana nezimo zokuchaza. Abantu abaningi xa bafinyelela e-LFP babeki ngokuthi izinto zabo zisebenza ngendlela ethembekile lapho kuchazwe ngokuphelele. Ngiyabonga, izindleke kakhulu ngokwesibonelo, kodwa abaningi babeki ngokuthi ukuthengwa kunciphisa izindleko ngokudla ngokudla kubantu abasebenzisa ngokuphelele izimo eziphansi zokuchaza ngokuphelele.
Abathengi baleli bafuna ukuthi imishini yabo ye-battery iyasebenza kahle ngeminyaka yonke kufanele bacabangele kungapi abalayela. Lokho kuyakhiqiza uhlu olukhulu ukuba ulayele imishini kwenkambo enemigciniso kanye noma kwenkambo enekhontrola yemigciniso. Abanye abantu bafuna ukuthwala kwezinkawuntishe zincane noma lezi zilankembe zokugcinisa umphimbo zokugcinisa imishini. Kukhona nokuthi kufanele kube nenqo yokuwela phakathi kwezimali zokugcinisa umphimbo ngoba izimali ezingenakudla kungakhiqiza imiphumela emibi xa kungaphansi kwezinkelo. Konke lokhu kuyakhiqiza uhlu olukhulu kuye kakhulu kuthuthukisa imishini ukusebenza kahle ngeminyaka yonke futhi kuthuthukisa ukuthi iyasebenze kahle ngemva kwezikhathi ezingaphansi kwezinkelo. Imishini ebondelekileyo kuyakhiqiza uhlu olukhulu lokugcinisa amandla ngemva kwezikhathi ezingaphansi kwezinkelo ngekuthi kungakhiphe iziphazamiso.
Lapho ikhompi yekhulu kakhulu, amabhethri engalanga ngokuphezulu noma engasebenzi ngendlela evelayo, yadlula ukuba yilapho yilapho yilapho. Ngakho ke abantu abaphila emakhaya aphakeme kudinga amabhethri angathibela ukuphakeme. Le amabhethri ayisiko noma nezinhlelo zokuthola ukuphakeme futsi amakhemikhali angathibela ukuphakeme okhulu ngaphandle kokuthi kuzodwebelwa. Fakela kuhlola amabhethri wokwelapha we-lithium iron phosphate (LFP) okuyindlela ethanda ukuthiwa kakhulu lapho kungu kakhulu kanti kungasebenzi ngokuphezulu ngenxa yokuthi kungathibela ukuphakeme ngokuphezulu ngenye yezinhlobo. Futhi, kungasebenza ngokude ngaphambi kokuthi kudinga ukubuyiselwa, okwenza kuhlola ukuthiwa kakhulu lapho kungu kakhulu.
Ukubheka izinhlelo zokugcinwa kwamagijele ezenzekile kahle kumakhiwano amakhulu kungakusho kona. Sebenzisa i-US engeyona yefika, izindawo njenge-Texas ne-Florida lapho kuthola amagijele okuphela kwezinyanga zomhla. Abantu kona bafumene indlela yokwenza izinhlelo zokugcinwa komoya baphake kahle ngokudala izinto njengezinhlelo zokulula nokubekwa kwezinhlelo ezansi kwezindlali noma kwezindlela zokubeka phakathi kwamagijele xa bekwa. Okuphumelela kuphi? Magijele akhale kahle, isebenza kahle futhi ayizigijeli kahle. Okubaluleke kakhulu, abasebenzeli basipho amandla aphathekile kuzinyanga zomhla ngaphandle kokuphodwa ngezinhlelo.
Ukukhetha i-battery yasolari esemthakathini kuyindlela enkulu ukuba sithole isistimu sethu soku-sebenza ngendlela efiyekayo. Abasebenzisa amagama amathathu kuleli qoqo ngokuvamile bafaka kwezinto ezintsha nezinhle nezobulungiswa. Cela i-Tesla, i-LG Chem, i-Sonnen bangena ngemikhosi yabo ngokuhlukeneyo. Ngakolunye uhlango, abasebenzisa abasha njenge-BYD ne-Enphase bayaqala ukubukwa. Ukuhlola amagama amahlu? Kukhona amanye amaphuzu owakhiwe ukulokhu. Ii-sertifikethi zokuvamisa ziyindlela, izimibongo zabantu ziyindlela futhi ukuthi bavuselela kanjani okuntula kwezokwenza kudinga ukubulungiswa ngokudala.
Lokhu kuyikhetha ibhrendi yokugcinwa kwezimali ekuhlaleni, ukuba kukhona kweqoqo nokuthuthukwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kuyindlela yokuthi. Ngokomzekelo, i-Tesla Powerwall isebenza ngendlela efanele nezinhlelo zasemkhakheni ezitholakalayo, lokho abanye abasebenzisa amakhaya abalulekileyo. Ngakolunye uhlango, i-LG Chem RESU series ishaya izindleke ngoba inezinkinga ezingaphansi kodwa isebenza ngendlela efanele. Ukuba sikhombisa amanani, i-Tesla iyavumela ngokuphimile kweqoqo ngokuba yabhulela amagama akhe ngeminyaka futhi engeza amakhaya amaningi. Abasebenzisa amakhaya abo akhona lokhu konke kuzoba kuyona indlela yokuthi kuzokhetha okunye ngaphezu kwenye okungcolisa ngendlela yokusebenza nezinhlelo zakhe zasekhaya nokwenzeka kwabo ngokude ngemva kokuqinisekisa izindlela zokuphila ezibonakalayo.
Ukukhetha umkhiqizo wesicathamiyo sekhaya kudinga ukujonga kwezindleko futhi ukubonisa ukuthi yini esebenza ngempela uma sithanda ukuthi izindleko zetu zibe yimali esetshenziswayo kahle. Lokhu kungenzeka okungu-100% kungafika ekunqumeni izindleko ngokwemva noma ukuthola into engasebenzi kahle yonke imihla. Nansi, le mkhiqizo ingaba inani elikhulu lapho ukubona kusenza, kepha khumbula ukuthi le nto ingaba yizindleko ezincane zokuleka kwezimali. Thatha isibonelo sikaTesla Powerwall, lokhu kungenzeka kuthole inani elikhulu kunazo zinye izinketho, kepha abasebenzisa loku oftena ukuthola amakhilogramu angu-100 yonke unyaka ngisho ngenkathi yisicathamiyo esebenza kahle futhi esezandeni. Lokhu kushowni ukuthi kubaluleke kanjani ukubalwa kwezinto sithola manje kanye nezinto esifuna ukuthola emva kwalokho xa sikhetha ukwabelana nezindleko zokulawulwa kwemali ekhayeni.
Ikhompi yebhethri yasekhaya ibonakala ngokuthawatha amaphethini okunciphisa ngokweqile kakhulu. Uma imali ibilene, izikimba ezijikeleze Enphase ne-BYD zinikeza izinhlobo eziphumelelayo ngaphansi kwezindleko eziphansi. Iziphrothukhu zabo sebenza kahle kunezindlu ziningi ezingathanda ukuncipisa izindleko zokushisa. Ngakolunye uhlango, izinkomba ezinhle kakhulu ezijikeleze Tesla neSonnen zinezinto eziphakanyiswayo nezinye iindlela zokugcina, okubonisa ukuthi kudla ngaki abantu bakhokha ngazo. Isedwa inikeza konke kusuka kwezinhlobo ezisodwa kuzo zonke, ikuvumela abantu ukuthola okudingekayo ngaphansi kwezindleko ngaphandle kokuthi kudingiwe ukuthile okungcono noma okuphansi.
Ukukhulana nokuthiwe ukuba imqondo yesonto esizenzekelayo kuhlatywa iziphalazwi zokusebenza, uzihlobene ngenqanawe neziqhuthu zokugcina emfulweni, uphumeleyo oluhlaza lokuphakamisana ngezinga zokungena ehlula, futhi ubuyekezo lweNingizimu phakathi kokufuneka kwesikhashana sokuthola umoya omncane.
Imthetho yaseLithium-Ion uyathanda ngokushesha okwesize kweenergy kunye nokusebenzela kwisebe esikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho ye-LFP iyinhlobo elikhona kakhulu, iyiphumeleyo ngokuphakamisa i-thermal, kunye nokulandelana okuningi lokulula, kodwa ngokushesha kweenergy kuyinani elincinci. Lolu hlobo luyayithandwa ngokuthi kulungile kumgca ophandle kobudlelwano.
Ama-system a-AC acaphazekileyo aphathelise iindlela ngokulandelana ne-current elikhulu elikhombisa nokuthi lokhu luyilungelo lokusebenzela amakhaya. Ama-system a-DC acaphazekileyo azama ukufaka ngokwesiqingane nge-solar panels, aphathelise iindlela njenge-direct current ofunekwayo, oku kuhloniphelela kusenzo kwezinto ezintsha.
Izinkinga eziphathelene ziyinkqubo ze-certifications zemindawo, izimbizo zokushicilelwa zokuqala, uhlelo oluphakamisayo, inani lamakhethekhi, kunye nomsindo wesikompuni esikhethweni sesebhenzi solar battery. Tesla, LG Chem, kunye no-Sonnen baye babonakale kuwo wonke amaninzi ohamba.