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Amaji we-lithi umphathi wakwesinye kwezililo zesithathu sesethulo sendlu, zibuyeleyo ukuhlawulwa nokuphumelela. Ziphatha imisindo ephakeme nekhahlelo. ama-systemi yokugcina umoya wokusukela kweziqhawe ngokugcina isibindi esihlanganisiwe kusendlela lokusebenza, ukwenza lokuphumelelwa ngeendlalo ezindala nokuthi akukho umdlululo wemfene. Kunezinye izidingo zikahleziwe njenge amabhetari yomphilo wesintu noma amathegi ayesithunywa wephrojekthi yesintu yesolopheni , lamanje amasistimu osebenza ngokubhekisisa oluhlola ngokuthi ayiqinisekise kakhulu. Ngokwesiphi lezinye izibhetari ze-lead-acid, amabhetari amahlula angenziwe ngokuba babekho besezingakudinga okungcono kunye nekhaphazane. Ngesicwangciso saseNasyoni Yesiphumo Sesintu Yesibhedelela Isintu, amabhetari amahlula angathandaza isibindi sesikhatsi sokuthi asiphumeleleyo kunye nokuthi bayenze imigomo engaphezulu yokuhlola nokuhlola. Lokhu kuhluke abantu abahlali ukuthi bakwazi ukuhlola nokuthi babuyele inkinga yakho yokudibanisa kanye nokuthi babuyekeze i-sustainability yakho.
Ukufakwa kwe ibhethri elangeni ngaphandle kwisekhono sesithunzi semfundo okanye nokuphucumana. Emva kwalokho, abantu ababekileyo bangayibona amali akhulu amahhashi ngoba iintelethi zomsebenzi wesolaweni zazihlela ukusetyenziswa kweenergy ezikhohlwini, uzokususa ukungavalelani kwi-grid. Ngokulandelayo, izigovernyenti eziningi zingazama ukuhlola imali yezethu yokuhlola ukusebenzela kwe amasisthembu eside esisebenza . Ngokwesikweletu sokuthula, ukusetshenziswa kwebattery yesolaweni ucacisa umoya wocansi, ubheka ukuba kunikeze amandla ekhulisweni kodvubo lokusebenza nangokukhohliwe kuhlukelelo lwendawo lokusebenza. Ukushintsha okanye ukusetshenziswa kwebattery yesolaweni uhlanganisa indawo yokusebenza yokudibanisa ngokuthi ungene amandla amaphandle kwemfundo wendawo yokugcina, usenbenzisa uphucumana lwesikweletu ngokubanjwa kwegrid ephakathi komncedisi, usenbenzisa uphucumana lwesikweletu ngokubanjwa kwegrid.
Xa ufunda amandla ahlukene kwezinto ezikhoyo zesiya esikheni, ukufunda iindlela zihlukileyo phakathi komphendulo weLithium-ion kunye nomphendulo weLithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) liyinhlangano elincane. Amaphendulo weLithium-ion awunqume ukuthi nabaphandle lokugcina umoya-wenqanawe, yeyiphi inani lemfomelo wendlela yokulima, lokhu kungabizwa njengokho olungayaziyo lapho isikhundla sikhulu. Okuhle kwamandla weLFP nguqukethelweni okanye nokuthuthukiso, ukuze ulinde ukusuka kokuthanda kakhulu kunye nokuphuma kakhulu. Ngokwesikhatsi, amandla weLithium-ion bayaziwa ngokuba bafanele abe ngokushesha kunye nokusebenza efanelekayo, kodwa amandla weLFP babekhethwe ngokuba nabaholo lokuhlola kunye nokuzalwa kakhulu kwezinyanga ezinathathu. Ukuthi ngaphandle, amandla weLithium-ion bangeni ukuthi benziwe ngokupheleleyo, kodwa umsebenzi wabo ungabizwa njengokuhlobene lokuncedisi kumthetho wesikhatsi.
Ukufunda ukupheli kwezinto zokuxhasa phakathi kwe-AC kunye no-DC kwiqhosha lestorage yamandla yesibayi esilungileyo sokuthuthukisa isistimu. Izidingo eziphathelwe ne-AC zithuthukisa umthwalo wosolawethu ngomthimbu omnyama, uzokulandelana ngenkinga yokuhlola kweziqhuthu ezikhoyo zomlilo wesibayi. Lwendawo lokusebenza lizikhona ngokushesha lokusethemba lokuhlanganiswa izindlela ezikhoyo. Ngokugcineni, izidingo zophathelwa ne-DC zingena ngokubhedekileyo kumthwalo wosolawethu, zithuthukisa umthwalo ngokuncane kuzigcina imthimbu elincinci, uzokudinga umkhondo wesibayi ngendlela efanelekayo, ngokushesha lokusetshenziswa kumhlaba ofakeweki solawethu. Zikhetha izidingo ze-AC ukuze uhlobo olunempumelelo, ngaphandle kulomoya, izidingo ze-DC zikhethela umkhondo okuthile kumhlaba ofakeweki solawethu esetshenziswayo.
Kulesi sikhathi esikuyenza ukubuya ephakeme nge-empumelelo yendaba yokusebenza, ukwazi lwezinye zindaba ezihamba kanye ne-Dod (DoD) ngisho lokungcono. Ukusetyenziswa kwesithuthi, usheshwa ngokukhiqiza amakhulu angamakhulu (kWh), kudinga umnotho wendlela yokulima okunikezelwe ngalokhu isithuthi sikwazi ukugcina. Ngaphandle kokho, i-DoD ifanele ifiseleyo iphanzi elibekwe ngokuhluke nokuhlula kwiseva sesithuthi. Isifiso sokuhlula kakhulu kokuqinisekisa ukuba kahle kunjalo ukusetyenziswa wesithuthi phambi kokufakelwa. Lokunye lokunquma ukusetyenziswa kanye nokuhlola kwezindaba zokuphumela kanye nokuhlola izindlela zokuphakamisana lokusebenza ukusigcina ukusetyenziswa kwekhononi ngokungcono ngaphandle kokucabanga kwezandla, ukusigcina ukuphakamiswa kwekhononi nokuphela emasipheni apho ekhona nokuphela ukusetyenziswa kwekhononi kanye nokuphela ukusetyenziswa kwekhononi kanye nokuphela ukusetyenziswa kwekhononi.
Ukuphuculeka kwezikhatsi, inombolo yeziqhuthu ezifanekiso lamanje nezikhatsi zokulayishwa kunye nokulula esebenza ngenqanawe ngaphambi kokuba ukusuka kwesikhwama sikhuphise kakhulu, uhlobo lokuhlola ukusetyenziswa kwezikhatsi nokuhlola. Izikhatsi ezinethile yezinkathelo zihlola izinkinga ephakamiswayo, uzokubonisa ukusukela kwezikhatsi. Ithintho leswakuqashelwe, elipheleleyo phakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-10 miyiya kumva kwezilondolozi zomkhondo, zithintelela amandla okulingana nokuphucula nokuba kukholelwa kanye nokuba khona i-references yezikhatsi. Ukusure kambe ukuthi ithintho leswakuqashelwe liphakamise ukusetyenziswa kwezinkinga, luhlonishwa njengemfani wokuqala. Ngakho ke, abasebenzisi babuyiselwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngaphandle komncedisi wezinto okufuneka nokuphucula nokungaphumelele, ubungako lwesiphiwo somsebenzi wesikhatsi.
Ukugcina kusendlela ezidingeni liphakeme licala ngenqanawe yasekhaya lokusebenza ngokuphucwayo kuhluke kakhulu xa ukusetshenziswa amaxhobo aqhosha lokusebenza ucalo lwesikhephe. Izimvo eziqhathanisiweyo zomcalo UL 9540 kunye ne-IEC 62619 zikhululekile ngokubanzi ukuthi zibonisa izicatulo nokusebenza esiqinisekileyo kulesi siko sesithombe. Lemicalo akufanele abheke phambi kokuthi iisistimu zakwazi ukwenza ukungafuneka iminyaka yokushisa nokufihlisisa ukuba akukho umoya owenziwe. Amaxhobo amandla amaphantsi apho ashayamalimi anqume amatekonoloji amandla njengezinto zokusebenzela umnyaka nokubheka okanyezeleyo ukuziphindaphinda izindlela ezifana. Abantu abasekhaya behlukene ukuba zingcinikeleyo lezicala kanye nokufolakala kwezinye izindlela ezidingekayo. Ukubheka ngokuziphumulele kuhluke kakhulu ukuthi zicala zibe ngokuphucwayo, uzokusiza isenzo sokuhlola nokuhlola kakhulu kwaloo mncedo wesikhephe.
Umbala omncane kuhlukele amandla abesifundo sibakethi, ukubafileka ngokwesiphumo kanye nokuhlola lokulandelayo. Ngemvula yezintaba ezincinci, isibakethi sikabene ukuphakamisela okanye uphawulekileyo kwesicatshulwa. Kodwa, izinhlobo ezasinye zesibakethi, njengesi-Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), zikhishwe ukusebenzisa ngokukhulu lapha ngenkinga yakhe yokuthuthukisa ngokwesilayili esiqinileyo. Lezi LFP isibakethi zisebenza ngokubhekisisayo ngalokhi eliphezulu lokho lokusizwe ngokwesiphumo kunoma imibakethi yesi-lithium-ion esiyinhlangano, uzoba lokhu luchaza ukukhetho oluhle kakhulu lokusebenzisa ngomphakathi wesivungulo esingcinane.
Ukuphatha kakhulu emva kwezikhathi zokuhlala ekumhlabeni kufanele abantu basebenzi balingene ukusetha amabheti ezindleni zokugcina okulandelana ngezandla nokuhlaba okuthile. Izindlela ezimbili zingavumelekileyo ngokusebenzela amabhedi amaphakathi nezicatulo eziphakamiswe ngokubheka ukuze liseve lokusebenza amabheti. Ukusihlisa iphakathi lembheti ukuya kuqondiswa ngenqanawe yokuxhasa okanye ukuba kuhlanganise imibuzo yezikhathi esikhathini kufuneka kube ngokukhawulezanga ukudibanisa iziphumo somsebenzi sokuhlala ekumhlabeni. Lemibuzo akhawulezanga ukwesabi lokusebenza kwaye kuzokulanda isizathu sesikhashana sokusebenza, ukusure ukuthi lokhu kuhloniphe umthombo wendlela yokusebenza yesikhathi sezintaba.
Izinhlobo ephakamisekileyo ziqhumelela ukuba umoya wendlela alungule kuhlukeleko lokusebenza nesikhephe sokuqala, futhi kunezinye izindlela ezidingekayo yokuhlola umoya. Ngaphandle kokuthi umoya omncane obekelwe ngokwesikhatsi esikhulu, amabhetari ahlola umoya atholakeleyo akhethwe ngokupheleleyo, nokulandelana nezinto ezincedwayo, njengemisilo yokusetyenziswa komoya nokuhlola lwesicatshulwa sokumoya ofanele ukusondela isiphumo sokushintsha. Ngalokho, i-LFP abhetari bakhethwe ngokubonakalisi kwiindawo ezikhulu zakukhona, ngokuvamileyo lwabo lokuhlola umoya kunye nenkulunkulu yakusebenza.
Kufuneka sihlalekile sibonele amandla okanye amaxwebhu okanye okudingekayo okusebenziswe ngokwesikhatsi esikhulu. Isithombe esihle esikhundleni sikhathale ukusetshenziswa lezi zinto ngokwesikhatsi seshenziswa ngokubanzi kusenethi-WeDSTRY, apho izinhlobo zingavakasha ngokuthi ziziphiwe ngokuthi zizifanele. Ngokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezincane zokuhlola umoya nokuhlola lwesicatshulwa sokumoya, amagama angaba babhekisele bayahlaleka ukwenza ukusetshenziswa nokuhlola lwesikhephe sakudla senyoni sabantu basekhaya. Lezi zinto azilungiselela kuphela ikhephe lesidla semhlabeni, kodwa bazohlola ukuba imibuzo yasebenzi yasemhlabeni yayihlabelelanga ngazo, ngokushesha.
Ukukhetha isibhedlela sasolar esikhoyo kuhlu lapho sihlola ukusebenza ngokubona kwezinhlobo zokuthuthela umlomo wemfundo wesidlu. Amane amandla kakhulu ngezinto ezintsha kunoma amanye amaphephandaba. I-Tesla, i-LG Chem, kunye ne-Sonnen zikhona izihloko ezifanele ngokuthi ziyafakwa ngamazwana okuthuthuka, ngakho xa amanye amanani amadala amahamba nokuthi amandla kunye nokuhlola kwezinto, lokhu kungabangela ukuthi umlando wakho ukuze kube uyinkantolo.
Umbhali wemali nokuthiwa kwezinto ezidingekayo ngokwesikhathi sihulumeni ukukhetha isithunzi. Ngokusho, i-Tesla Powerwall sikwazi ukuhlola ngokupheleleyo ngephrojeketi yobhalendaba yesolophandle, ngaphakathi nesi-LG Chem RESU esihleli esikusukeleleyo nokuhlukeleka okukhulu. Ukufaka amabhalisi wekhaya, i-Tesla iyiphakamisi ngokukhulu ngenqanawe yokugcina nokulandelana yalesithunzi. Ukubuya kumalume abahlale phakathi kwabantfu babalulekile baye abahambisane ngezimo ezibonakalayo zombuzo wesayithi yesolophandle.
Kulesi sikhathi esikhethweni lefundo lasekhaya, kuhluke ukuthi uzame amabhaliswano nokuhlola ngenqanawe nokusebenza lokhu kulandelayo. Ukubalaseka kwezinye izinto zingabheka ukuhlanganiswa olungaphambili nokusetyenziswa elangalwendawo. Ngokushesha, imali yokugcina okanyeleyo kungaba ngaphansi komunye umnini, kodwa isenzo esihle sesibonisa ukukhupha imali yesiphumo sephandle sokudibanisa kudingeka ukufunda. Ngalokho, ngalesi sikhathi apha, i-Tesla Powerwall ingaba enye yezilondolozi ezinamandla ezifaneleyo ezithile ngokulandelana nokuhlola nokusebenza lokhu kulandelayo.
Amabhaliswano angahlukene amaningi angenani amahluke amaningi. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Enphase nakwi-BYD bazifaka amafundo amahlukene amasibhedze esikhethekweni lesikhaya emahhovhi wokuqala. Ngakwesonto, izinkampani ezindala ezisekunye nezi-Tesla nakwi-Sonnen bazifaka amaxhobo omncedisiwe kunye nokuvikelwa kwemali engapheleleyo. Lolu hlobo luyahlukanisa ukuba abantu bakhwazana imali yakhe ngokulandelana nokuhlola nokusebenza lokhu kulandelayo.
Ukukhulana nokuthiwe ukuba imqondo yesonto esizenzekelayo kuhlatywa iziphalazwi zokusebenza, uzihlobene ngenqanawe neziqhuthu zokugcina emfulweni, uphumeleyo oluhlaza lokuphakamisana ngezinga zokungena ehlula, futhi ubuyekezo lweNingizimu phakathi kokufuneka kwesikhashana sokuthola umoya omncane.
Imthetho yaseLithium-Ion uyathanda ngokushesha okwesize kweenergy kunye nokusebenzela kwisebe esikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho ye-LFP iyinhlobo elikhona kakhulu, iyiphumeleyo ngokuphakamisa i-thermal, kunye nokulandelana okuningi lokulula, kodwa ngokushesha kweenergy kuyinani elincinci. Lolu hlobo luyayithandwa ngokuthi kulungile kumgca ophandle kobudlelwano.
Ama-system a-AC acaphazekileyo aphathelise iindlela ngokulandelana ne-current elikhulu elikhombisa nokuthi lokhu luyilungelo lokusebenzela amakhaya. Ama-system a-DC acaphazekileyo azama ukufaka ngokwesiqingane nge-solar panels, aphathelise iindlela njenge-direct current ofunekwayo, oku kuhloniphelela kusenzo kwezinto ezintsha.
Izinkinga eziphathelene ziyinkqubo ze-certifications zemindawo, izimbizo zokushicilelwa zokuqala, uhlelo oluphakamisayo, inani lamakhethekhi, kunye nomsindo wesikompuni esikhethweni sesebhenzi solar battery. Tesla, LG Chem, kunye no-Sonnen baye babonakale kuwo wonke amaninzi ohamba.