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Izixhumanisi Eziphuthumayo
Ukushintshwa kwi-48V lithium battery systems kwenza umehluko mkhulu ekukhawukeni kokwenza inkululeko yezimali ngokuzivikela ezinhlelweni zombane. Xa kusebenziswa le vholthaji ephakeme, inani eliphansi lalokhu kususelwa libuyela ngamathuba amathathu kunye nebanga lesiqingatha komgama wesi-12V xa kuthunyelwa iindaka ezifanayo. Lokhu kuthetha ntoni ngendlela ebalulekileyo? Iwiri engeyiyo ifanelekile ekuthunyelweni kwamandla phakathi kwizikhala, okubuyela kunceda nokunceda kakhulu kokoqobo lokuchitha okungafanelekanga okuthintela sonke. Jonga kwiinombolo: into engadinga i-2400 watts ibamba amapere angama-200 kumgama wesi-12V kodwa ibabini kuphela amapere angama-50 kwi-48 volts. Kantiya ukuya kusuka kumathuba amane kumapere ku-ncinane ikhulu lesine esidingekileyo ngaphambili. Oku kuthetha ntoni? Ukuncika okuncinane kakhulu kwiwiri namacindezelo ngaphaya kwisistima.
Ukuncipha kwe-current kumithombo ye-48V ikhomba iziphumo ezihlukene. Kungcono ukugcwalisa ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuphazamisa imingcele yecable, futhi ivolthi ibe yiqiniso ngenkathi kususwa amandla aphezulu. Izinto zeshayinitsheli njenge relays ne breakers zinezikhathi eziphansi, zakhomba ubumnandi bokusebenza nokunakekelwa kwizinkululeko.
Izixhumanisi zokuguqula amandla zisebenza ngokushesha kakhulu ngama-15—20% ngama-48V kunangaphansi kwe-voltaji. I-MPPT solar charge controllers ithembisa le nto: isilinganiso se-50A sisebenza ngama-600W ngama-12V kodwa kuze kube yizilinganiso eziyi-2400W uma ihlotshaniswa nomgodi we-battery we-48V. Lokhu kuhlanganisa kususa izinkinga emithonjeni yesayensi yokudla, kakhokelela ukusetshenziswa okuningi komthelelo waseNtshonalanga.
Xa kubhekwa izinhlelo zemithwalo, ezibalekayo kwi-48 volts zihlala zidinga ukudla okungenani ngokunguqulatha kunesilinganiso kuzo zokwenzeka ngezivoltage ezincane. Futhi njengoba ukugcwalisa kwezindleko kuyatholakala ngokudonsela kwe-current esiqiniswayo ngesilinganiso (ifomula ye-P equals I squared R eyafundiswa yonke indoda esikoleni), amacala atholakala kulezi zinhlelo eziphakeme kakhulu zizoba ne-engaki engu-94 phakathi xa kususelwa isilinganiso sesimiso sokusebenza njengazo zazo ezi-12 volt. Uma ufake futhi ukuthi i-batteries ze-lithium iron phosphate zinengaki yokuchuma ekuhlukene kusuka ku-95 kuze kube ngu-98 iphesenti, futhi lokho kuthola kuthola izinketho zokugcina ezingena kakhulu emandleni futhi zilindele kakhulu ngaphansi kokushisa. Le minyango ihlukanisa kakhulu kuzo zonke izisebenzo apho kuphela ubunzima nokuphatha kwezindleko kumele kubalwe ngempela.
Xa ivolti ephakeme, amapheki angaphansi kakhulu kunezimali zomsebenzi. Sebenzisa indiza yokulawula 5kW njengombhalo, ikhokha ngaphezu kwamapheki angu-416 eku-12 ivholthi, kodwa kuphela amapheki angu-104 xa isebenza ku-48 ivholthi. Ukuncipha kwamapheki kusho ukuthi imithamo engaphansi iyapheliswa njengehlizwa emshinini. Lokhu kuyakho konke okubalulekile ekusebenzisweni nokukhuseleka kwezimali ezihlala zingaphandle kwebhodi, abaningi abadinga ukuzondla izixhobo ezinkulu njengezixhobo zokulahla umoya noma izikhangeli zezeLekhilethriku yezinhlobo zezimoto.
Amaphesenti amancane angakwenzela ukuthi amasosha aphansi asebenzise amasosha amancane ngendlela efana nezimali eziphansi (<3%). Isiphazamiso kumalinganiso wemithwalo kungakanani:
| Ivholthi Yezimali | 12V | 24V | 48V |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isiseko Semsosha Ngokulawula 5kW | 4/0 AWG | 2 AWG | 8 AWG |
| Imali Yembava Ngasilingo Esininzi 50ft | $240 | $80 | $35 |
Lokhu kancane kakhulu kwesayizi yomqwayiso kubangela ukuncipha kwezindleko zokufaka futhi kwenza uhlelo olulula, ikakhulu emisebenzini eyathakatha amandla.
Iphlatiphomu ye-48V ivumela ukuthwala ngokulula uma kudibaniswa imoduli ngendlela ephindaphindwe okungaba ngu-kuhlanganisa izibhamu ezinhambili ezinokudala ubunzima. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenza kahle kakhulu ngezinverter ezahlukene futhi zihlaleli izimboni zasolari ezilingana nekilowhatthi-6 phakathi. Lokhu kuyakha kakhulu ukuba zibe yisigodi sokusebenzisa izindlu zonke kusuka kuzindlela zokuphathwa kwamandla. Sibona izinkampani eziningi kakhulu ezilondoloza isimo se-48V ngemigudu yonke. Izinsiza zomkhweba zisebenzisa ngempahla, futhi izikhangeli zezinhlophe zazama kule ntshukumiso yazo yaEV futhi. Lokhu kukhona kakhulu kusho ukuthi izicelo zizoba zikhona ngonyaka omnye uzayo futhi iziqobo ezahlukene zezinhlotshwa zizosebenzana ngaphandle kokungekho into enkulu engahambelani.
Xa kufuneka usebenzise izixhobo ezihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala ziziphakamisa izistim 12V ukuya kwiindlela zazo, izistim 48V zilithiyamu zisebenza ngendlela efanelekileyo. Zifuna kuphela okungama-1/4 engafunyanwa yi 12V ukufuna inani elilinganayo yeziko, oko kuthetha ukuba akukho mlando wokuhlanganisa i-wiring ngendlela ephambili. Isiphumo? Ukusebenza kwenzeke kakhulu naphakade xa kufuneka kusebenzise izinto ezikhulu njengezixhobo ze-mini split AC okanye izibhedu zokukhokha ezingaphezu kwe-3.5 kilowatts. Nezinani zokusebenza zibe nzima kakhulu - phakathi kwe-92% ne-95% kwisikhathi eside. Ngokulinganisa naleyo ye-12V eyadala apho ubunzima buhlala buphazamiswa ku-81% ukuya ku-85% ngokuba kukho konke okuqukumbeko okuhlala kuhlala kuhlala kuhlala kusuka kumendo. Kuyakwenzeka ngempikiswano kutheni abantu abaninzi baya kuguqula manje.
izixhobo ze-48V zinezigaba ezincane zokulayela okunciphisa ukuphazanyiswa kwevoltage xa kukhona izilingo eziphakeme zokwenza amandla. Ngokomzekelo, xa iphompha yezintshila ezingama-5kW ivula ngokugcwele. Ngokuvamile, sibona ubunzima obukhulu kakhulu besimo se-voltage esingu-2 ukuya ku-3%. Hehlakanipha lokhu nookususwa kwesimo se-voltage emva kwe-24V apho kungahlala phansi kuma-8 ukuya ku-12% ngemizuzwana eyodwa. Ukuguquka kunezimali njengoba isimo esithe simbi kusivumela izixhobo ukuba azikhiwe phakade futhi izixhobo zonke ziphila ngaphandle kokudinga ukubuyiselwa. Okukhathaza lokhu kusebenza kahle yisimo esihlukile sokuhlukana esitholakala teknolojini yabhatere LiFePO4. Le bhatere ibeke isimo se-voltage phezulu kuma-51 wayenze kube ngu-90% yesikhathi sobude. Lokhu konke kunciphisa isebenza esihle noma kunjani izidingo zamandla athatha njalo usuku.
Ikhaya elingaphandle kwegridi eMontana libonisa amandla esiqinisekiso se-48V lithium:
Isistim isebenza konke okubalulekile ngaphandle kweginenjini yokugcina kakhulu kunezintathu ezimbili zezinsuku ebusika, libonisa inkinga yakhe yokuthatha indawo yezinto ezibuyiselwayo kumzimba ongcolileyo.
izinhlelo zebhatere 48V lithium zifinyelela inhamsele yokuqina kwe-94–97% uma zihlanganisa nezivumelwano zokulayisha ze-MPPT ezintsha. Lezi zivumelwano zihlanza ivholthi phakathi kwezinhlelo zasolari neebhatere, zokuthula umsebenzi wengcinwa ngexesha leshedi elincinci noma ukushintshana kwesibalo. Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo eziphazimiseleyo, izinhlelo 48V ziqinisekisa ukulayisha okuhle kakhulu nangona i-output yepaneli ingashintshi, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenzisa isithombe esikhulu.
Ukuncipha kokurenza kuzinhlelo 48V kuvumela ukusebenzisa i-cabling engeyona ngaphansi, engenkulu—njenge-6 AWG endaleni yesona ebalulekileyo 2/0 AWG efunekayo yezinhlelo 12V. Ukungena kwephondo kufanelekile phezulu kwe-2% emva kwezingu-100-foot, kunjalo kwe-8–12% kuzinhlelo 12V. Lokhu kuvumela izinhlelo zasolari ezingaphezu kwe-8kW noma ngaphezulu ngaphandle kokulungiswa okukhulu. Ize zibonise ukuthi izigaba 48V ezingezinto zibuyisela amanzi angama-18–22% angena ngaphandle kwezinye ezifana ne-12V, ikakhulukazi emshini ngaphandle kwebusuku.
izinh system ezi-48V zihlanza izibopho ezizayo—izimoduli ezifutshane zamabhayithi azifakwa ngaphandle kokubuyisela izivumelwano noma izilawuli zokulayisha. Leli qondo lasekela kwezimali ezi-48V eziphathelene njenge DC heat pumps ne EV chargers. Kukhona, i-48V isheshi phansi kwe-50V yokugcina okuhlelekile, ihlinza ukuthatha izivumelwano ezithile ezidingekayo kuzilawo ezikhulu.
Ibhatereyithi ze-48V zika lithiyamu iron phosphate noma LiFePO4 zingasebenza ngeminyaka engama-3,000 ngaphambi kwezibukisa ezincane kunesikhathi esiphakade. Lokhu kungcono ngokuphindwe kabili komkhawulo wokuthi siyithola kubhatereyithi baseLondolozi abaningi basonke basona manje. Okwenzela ukuthi le bhatereyithi ibe yisidingo yazo yizinhlelo zokugcina okunconywayo kakhulu, okungaba nobulungiswa obuphazinyayo, ngamaxesha amaninzi angaba nge-90% yesigaba samandla akho. Ngaphezu koko, asebenza kahle emsulwa phansi kwezinkalima eziphansi kakhulu ezingu-20 degrees Celsius futhi kuya ku-60 degrees Celsius xa kusuke kude. Kabanzi abadala ngamandla wesilimu noma izinqumo ezinye ezingaphandle kwegridi, lokhu kusho ukuthi le bhatereyithi zizohlala zisebenze kahle ngeminyaka engu-8 ukuze i-10 ngaphandle kokudinga ukulandelelwa kangakanani. Izihlalo zabhatereyithi ezimali ezenziwa ngendlela ephucukileyo azikwazi ukumelana lapha ngoba zange zisebenze kancane kakhulu, zange zibe yisikhathi esingaphansi kuka-2 ukuze i-4 ngaphambi kokuvala kabonakalisi.
Ngoba bathembeka kakhulu kakhulu kwisakhiwo sabo esincane, amabhethiri e-lithium e-48V ayidingi ukuthathwa njengamanye amafu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinkampani zilahlekelwa imali ngendlela eyizimbili futhi ngoba zingasetshenzisa iwayiringi enzima kanye nehousing ephambili. Uma ubheka isithombe esikhulu, lezi bethereyisi zihlala zinokulahlekelwa kancane kangaka nge-40% ngexesha labo lesishiyagalombili. Okungcono kunezinye yizinto ukuthi emva kwezinguqu ezimbili kuphela, ixesha lakho lokuthengisa kabusha libuyela phakathi kwezimbili kanye nezintathu okulinganayo nokuba kube yini abanye abantu basebenza ngalo. Ubunzima beziziphiwo eziphambene nobuhlakani obukhulu kubethereyisi. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu uma kusekelwe kuzo ziziphiwo ezingaphandle kwezindawo zempilo, apho ukufika kumsebenzi othile ungacindezela kakhulu kungekho-700 ngamahora.
Izinhlelo ezide zokuphatha amabhethereyisi (BMS) kumabhethereyisi e-48V azenza izivikezelo ezibalulekile:
Le zinkundla zinika imisebenzi engahlinzeki ngenkathi kusenqatini kwe-grid noma kwezimali ezenziwayo ezingenazo, ngabe izivikelo zekhanda zibonisa imisebenzi engu-99.9% emisebenzini yezobuchwepheshe.
Iphlatiphomu ye-48V iyambalama nezitegulezayo zezinye izinkululeko, kufaka phakathi i-inverters ze-solar ezingeneyona 48V kanye nezixhumanisi ze-EV charging. Ukuxhumanisa okuhlelwe kakhulu kudala amathambo angaphansi kakhulu ngokungu-15% kunokungabi khona okubiliwe. Izinhlelo zemodiwoli zinika amandla okukhula ngokuthintana, zinikeza isisindo esinokwandisa futhi esingafani ngezinsuku njengoba kakhulisa kancane kancane kumandla awawo.
Isistemu sebhethri yesilithiyamu ye-48V isusa umvuzo wokusebenza kwaye ibe ngcono ngokunciphisa ukuthatha kwekurenthi, okususa iziviko ezikhiqizwa yiresisthenji kumakabeli namathululi. Ngaphezu koko, kuvumela ukulayisha ngokushesha, imfanelelo engcono yokusebenza kwesivumelwano nokulayisha, kunye nokwandisa ngendlela ephucukileyo.
iisistimu ze-48V zifumanisa ubunzima bukolayisho xa ziphangana neezivumelwano zokulayisha MPPT, zihlanza ivholthi phakathi kwezixhobo zasolari namabhethri. Le ndawo isusa umvuzo kanye nokwandisa iisixhobo solwandle ku-8kW okanye ngaphezulu, zibekisa ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi wasolari.
Yebo, iibhethri ze-lithium ze-48V, ikakhulu loo mfundo we-LiFePO4, zinebhodwa ezinde, eziphila ngokubanzi ngeempawu ezingama-3,000, apho amahluko angama-thriya kunabhamu abasebenzisa ubushani. Zisebenza kakuhle emva kwezinkoka eziphambene kakhulu kwaye zinebhodwa eninzi.
izinhambizi ze-48V zihambelana kahle nezimboni eziphakeme njengezavu lokulahla uhloti kanye nezavu zokudla ngendalo. Zilondoloza umthwalo wovoltage phansi kwemithwalo ephakeme futhi zanika imfaneleko, ngakho ke zihambelana kahle nezimboni ezintsha.