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Izixhumanisi Eziphuthumayo
Kweli yinto, izibalo zezindustria ziyadinga izinkampani zokusebenza ezithile kakhulu, futhi izibatthiri ze-lithium ion ezingenabizo zingakwazi ukwenza lokho. Lezi zibatthiri ezingenabizo zokuhlela kuzo azikwazi ukuphatha ukuguqula kwesikhathi esiphakeme ekhaya kwezindawo njengeziminingi lapho isikhathi sifika kusukela ku-40° Celsius kuze kuya ku-85° Celsius. Lokho okufanayo kokuguqula kwesikhathi kubangela ukungasebenzi kwezinhloso ngeminyaka engu-23% yonke. Indlela engeyona? Isayizi isebenzisa uma kuyisibalo sokufaka lezi zibatthiri emashini yezindustria. Amashini ayidinga ukulinganiswa okuphelele ku-millimeter, okungasitholakala kusomunye umthengisi wokubhalwa. Buka lokhu okwenyenzeka emkhaya: kunezinkampani ezingaphezu kwe-70% zezinhloso zokuvumela (OEM) zibona iziproblemi ngendlela lezibatthiri ziyaphatha ukuguqula kwezivibrasi, okubangela ukuthi kunezidingo eziphezulu zokugcina kwezinhloso emizimba eyinkimbinkimbi. Sibonelela abantu, izibatthiri ezenziwe ngokwesibalo asizihlukanise njengokubaluleka kokubaluleka kodwa kuyizinkinga ezingenziwe ngokwesibalo zokubaluleka uma izinhloso zifuna ukulandela lezi zindlela zokuxhumana ne-UL 1642 zokuphepha kwezinhloso ngenkathi zihamba ngemikhumbu eminingi yezinkampani zokucharge ngaphandle kweziproblemi.
Ucandelo kusuka emaseleni wobumba kuyaphatha ukuthi isithu sokubhekana siza kusebenza na, akukho kuphela ukuthi kuzoba yisiphi isikhathi sokusebenza. Funa izinkampani zika-NMC ngokusho. Lezi zinokufaka umbala wezimithambo ezingu-700 Wh/L okuyikho kahle kumashini amancane wokusebenza kwezempilo lapho isikhundla siphambana kakhulu. Kodwa kukho umphumela: kufuneka kubekwe imithambo yokuphatha ukuthi kubheke isikhathi sokusebenza ngokuvumelana. Ngokwesinye isibonelo, izinkampani zika-LFP zinokuphatha ukuthi kubheke isikhathi sokusebenza ngokuvumelana kahle futhi zinokusebenza ngeminyaka emine noma kungaba yisikhathi esihlukene kakhulu. Lokhu kuyikho kahle kumashini wokugcina i-IoT ekhanda kwezinsuku zokuphuma ephandle lapho kubhekwa kwezinsuku zokuphuma ephandle zokuphuma kwezinsuku zokuphuma ephandle. Umphumela? Ukuphakama kwemithambo akukho kahle kakhulu, ngakho kufuneka kubekwe isikhundla esikhulu kakhulu. Uma abengineyiri bakhethe ubumba obuhle ngokubhekana nokuthi isithu sokubhekana sifuna, bafaka izinto ezisolve izinkinga ezibalulekile emhlabeni, akukho kuphela ukuthi kubhekana nezincwadi zokubhekana.
Le ndlela eqondiswa amakhemikhali ifinyelela ekuvikeleni ukuqhuma kokushisa okungu-98% kuyilapho ihambisana nezidingo zamandla, usayizi, nokuphila isikhathi eside okuqondene nesicelo imigomo engenakufinyelelwa ngamaseli ajwayelekile.
Lapho izinkampani ziphuma nomsebenzi wazo wokuhlanganisa amaseli kanye nokuhlela i-BMS, zizivulela zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga. Abaningi abathengisi beqembu lesithathu abanayo leyo nqubo yokulawula, okusho ukuthi kunengozi yangempela yokuqhamuka kokushisa. Futhi masibhekane nakho, lapho lezi zinto zingahambi kahle, izindleko ziyanda ngokushesha. IPonemon Institute ibeka izindleko eziphakathi cishe ku-$740k ngesigameko ngasinye emuva ngo-2023. Okwenza izinto zibe zimbi nakakhulu ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi konjiniyela abaklama nabantu abakhiqizayo kuye kwaphazamiseka kangakanani. Ngokwemininingwane yomkhakha, cishe ama-42% ama-battery aphazamisekile angabangelwa yile nkinga. Inkinga yangempela ivela lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwe-firmware ye-BMS kwenzeka ngokwehlukana nomsebenzi wangempela wamakhemikhali wamangqamuzana nokuhlela ukwakhiwa kwepakethe. Izivumelwano zokuphepha zigcina sezibambekile esikhathini esidlule ngoba azikwazi ukuhambisana nezinguquko zobuchwepheshe, okuholela ezinhlelweni zokuvikela ukulayishwa ngokweqile, amandla amabi okuhlalisa amangqamuzana ngokulinganisela, kanye nokuphendula okuhamba kancane lapho kunamaphutha. Konke lokhu kuhlukana kudala imikhiqizo eminingi enekhwalithi engafani neze. Isikhathi sokuthengisa siyaqhubeka cishe ngama-30% njengoba amaqembu ezama ukulungisa izinkinga kamuva. Futhi kukhona njalo ukukhathazeka okucasulayo mayelana nokungathembeki kwempahla yengqondo kubaphathi abangaphansi abangase bangakwazi ukuphatha ulwazi olubucayi kahle.
Ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvunyelwa okubalulekile kokuqinisekiswa kusuka ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kuze kube ukuqinisekiswa kokugcina. Ngokwesibonelo, ukufana kokumboza kwama-electrode kufanele kugcine ukuhluka kwesisindo esingu-± 2% - okuyisidingo okungenakwenzeka ukusigunyaza ngaphandle kokulawula ngokuqondile ukwakheka kwesilayidi, isivinini sokumboza, namapharamitha okomisa. Abahlinzeki abahamba phambili abahlanganiswe ngokuqondile bahlanganisa lezi zigaba ngokuqinile:
| Isikhathi Sokuphatha | Izinga Lokusebenza | Umthelela Wokufaka Isitifiketi |
|---|---|---|
| Ukufakwa kwe-electrode | Ubukhulu bezinto ezisebenzayo (± 1,5%) | Iqinisekisa ukuqina kwamandla okuqhubekayo nokugcinwa kwamandla |
| Ukuhlanganiswa Kwamangqamuzana | <0,5mm ukubekezelelana kokuqondanisa | Igcina ubuqotho be-interface eshisayo nokwethenjelwa kwemishini |
| Ukuhamba Ngebhayisikili | I-voltage delta < 5mV ngesikhungo | Iqinisekisa isikhathi sokuphila esibikezelwayo kanye nokunemba kwesimo sokushaja |
Ukuhambisana ne-UL 1642 ne-IEC 62133 kuncike kudatha yenqubo elandelanayo, ehlolwayohhayi imibiko yokuhlola kuphela. Abahlinzeki abangabumbene bavame ukudlula ukulawulwa komswakama egumbini elomile (<1% RH), okufaka ingozi yokungcola kwe-electrolyte okuvimbela izitifiketi zokuphepha ngaphambi kokuba ukuhlolwa kuqale.
Ngokwesifundo sika-Ponemon Institute esakhiwe ngonyaka odlule, kubukhona ukuthi ngeminyaka engu-70 yeziprojekthi zebhatari yelithiyam yezikhasi zokusebenzisa izibhalo zokuphatha kuzoba kusenziwa kusenzo lokuhlanzwa kwesiprojekthi, futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi kungasikhona isiphetho sokufunda okubi kodwa kuyisiphetho sokungahlanzwa kwezinto eziningi. Uma lezibhatari zihlala kumisebenzi yezindustria, zizobuka kuzo zonke izinkinga zokusebenza kwelekthrikhili, amathuba awaphansi kwezimo ezingavumelekile, nezidingo zokuphepha okunzima okungahlukaniswa ngokuhlanzwa kokuvamile. Amaprojekthi amaningi ayabuka phansi uma kubonakala izinkinga zokugcina kwezinkathi zokusebenza, noma uma iziqephu zokugcina zihlaba ngokuhlanzwa kwezivibrasi. Ingxenye yendlela yokubonakala ukuthi uma akukho uhlanzwa olujulile lwesikhathi esingaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo, izinkinga ezingakhohlwa kusenzo lokuhlanganisa izicelo, indlela yokuxhumana nokuthi ukuthi ukuthembeka kwezibhatari kuyisiphetho esingafanele, kubonakala kuphela ekupheleni. Lokhu kubiza ukuthi kufuneka kwenziwe ukuguqula okuningi kusenzo lokuqala, okubiza ukuthi kubeka imidlalo yonke kusenzo lokuqala, okubiza ukuthi kubhekiswe isibonelo sokubuyela emuva.
Isimo sesivumelwano esisodwa sivumela amathuba amane angavunyelwa:
Le ndlela eqondile ivimbela u-92% weziphambeko zasensimini ngokudalula ubuthakathaka ngaphambi ukukhiqizwa. Ukuqinisekiswa kokushisa kukodwa kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngo-40% ezindaweni ezinzima kakhulu, okuqhubeka nokwandisa isikhathi sokusebenza futhi kunciphise izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi.
Ama-OEMs ezimboni abhekana nengozi enkulu ye-IP ekuthuthukiseni amabhethri ngokwezifiso Ama-68% amaphrojekthi wokubambisana ayabambezeleka ekuqinisekisweni kwe-prototype ngenxa yokuvikelwa okunganele (Ponemon Institute, 2023). Ama-NDA ajwayelekile awavamile ukuvikela ukwakheka kwamaseli okuyimpahla, ama-algorithms e-BMS, noma amasu wokumodela okushisayo. Esikhundleni salokho, abalingani abafuna ukukhombisa imikhuba ye-IP esebenzayo, esebenzayo:
Abadlali abakhulu kulo mkhakha babhekana nokudonswa kolwazi ngokusebenzisa amasu amaningana lapho besebenza kumaphrojekthi okucwaninga ahlangene. Ngokuvamile, basungula amazinga ahlukahlukene okulawula ukufinyelela phakathi nale misebenzi yokubambisana futhi baqinisekise ukuthi izinkontileka zabo zokuthengisa zibeka ngokucacile ukuthi ubani ongumnikazi waluphi uhlobo lobunikazi bokusungula, kuhlanganise nanoma yiziphi izinto ezintsha ezivela kulabo abakhona. Lapho izinkampani zisebenza ndawonye emazweni ahlukahlukene, kudingeka ziqaphele ngokwengeziwe ngoba imithetho iyahluka kakhulu emazweni ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kungavumelani empeleni kungafaka ubuchwepheshe obuyigugu bamabhethri engozini uma kungathathwa izinyathelo ezifanele zokuqapha. Ukufuna abalingani bebhizinisi abahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuqinile bezobuchwepheshe nokuvikelwa okunamandla ngokomthetho kunengqondo. Ubuhlobo obuhle kakhulu bakhiwa ngokuqinisekisa amakhono namazinga omsebenzi, kunokuba nje ulindele okungcono ngokusekelwe ekuhlonishweni kuphela.
Amabhethri e-lithium ion asevele ekhona ngokuvamile awakwazi ukubhekana nokuguquguquka okukhulu kwamazinga okushisa, adinga ukuguqulwa ngosayizi futhi kumelwe ahambisane nemithetho eqinile yokuphepha ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni.
Ikhemikhali yamangqamuzana inquma ukuqina kwamandla, izidingo zokuphathwa kokushisa, kanye nokuphila komjikelezo wamabhethri, futhi kuthinta ukuthi ahambisana kahle kangakanani nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile zezimboni ngokusekelwe ezimfunweni zemvelo nezokusebenza.
Ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile kuqinisekisa ukulawula yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza, kunciphisa izingozi zamaphutha athunyelwa ngaphandle, kugcine ukuhambisana namazinga aqinile, futhi kugcine impahla enobuhlakani.
Izizathu eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ukuhlolwa okunganele ezicini ezahlukene njengokusebenza kukagesi nokushisa, okuveza izinkinga ngasekupheleni kwenqubo yokuthuthukisa.
Ama-OEM angakwenza izindlela zokusebenza njengezindlela zokubhalwa kwezindawo zokuthuthukisa, izindlela zokuphatha izipatenti ezitholakala kuzo izindawo, nokushintsha imininingwane yezindlela zokuthuthukisa eziqondiswayo ukulondoloza ipropati yesiqalekiso.