Ukuthini Ukubona I-Battery YokuGcina Amandla Ngokusebenza Kwesilinganiso NaseBMS

Izibonakaliso Zezinsuku Zomgcwabo: Indlela Ebalwa Ngayo Ubude Bezindiza Kukhokhelo lwesimeni Sokugcina izilonda

Isivumelwano esingu-ycycle life kusenziwe yini kumasevisi wokugcina izilonda

Ubude bekhondla le-battery lisithathe kakhulu ukuthi singakulayisha kanjani na ngokuphelele futhi sikhulule kabusha uma kusuke kunciphisa ubukhawulezi, okwesibini lapho kuncipha ngezansi kwe-80% yoko kwasendaweni. Faka konke oku: uma ubatteri bephoni lakho libuye ku-100% usuke lukhulule kabusha, lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhondla omuphelele. Kodwa nokukhululwa okungapheli kumele kube khona. Umzekelo, izikhathi ezimbili uzolayisha ikhompyutha yakho phansi kanye emaphakathini wemibuziso? Lokhu kudibanisa ukuthi kukhondla omuphelele njengoba abasebenzi basebatteri bakhuluma ngalo. Kungani lokhu kubalulekile kangaka? Kuyilokho, amabhatere ane-cycle efileyo zihlala zide kakhulu ekuseni, lokho kusho ukuthi kudingeka zishintshelwe ngokuncane futhi izindleko zingcane ngexeshana. Sebenzisa amabhatere angu-lithium iron phosphate njenge-umzekelo ayohlala kuphela kusuku kuya kuma-6,000, lokho akwenza ahlale phambili kunamabhatare ene-lead-acid ngaphezu kwesithupha noma isine. Uma abantu bathembekile ukulandela izindimana zokulayisha, into ethandwa kumele ibe khona ngaphakathi kwale bhatere. Izinkinga ezifana nokuchithwa kwezisebe, ukunyuka okuningi kwezinhlayiya zokuphepha kuzinhlangothi, nokuhluka kwiziqhamo ezinezinkane ezazenzakalisa umsebenzi wokuthumela umnyango kusistimu.

Kungani ukuphindeka kukaDoD kusabela isiphiwo—kunje konakekela

Ubude bekuqakatha (DoD) buchaza iphesenti yezimali zebhatere ngeyishumi. Kakhulu, isiphiwo sihlanza ngendlela engavumelekileyo nomaDoD: ukukhulula oku-100% kumisa izidingo eziningi ngaphezu kwamathuba amathathu angaphandle nezinkinga zekejuleli nokwakha kweSEI ekungavumelekileyo. Lokhu kusabela ukugaywa kwezinto eziphakeme kweelektroda. Ukugeza ubude bokuphila:

• Letha uDoD wodaka we-50–80% usebenzisa izivumelwano zoBMS ozisetshenzisayo
• Gcina ukukhululwa oku-100% kumaqasheliso amahhashane kuphela
• Hlala ungene emoyeni obusha phakathi kuka-15–25°C, lapho izindlela zokuphazanyiswa zihlanza kancane

Ukuchithwa okuncane kusiza ekufakweni—izinhlelo ezithile ze-LiFePO₄ zifinyelela izikhathi ezingu-10,000+ ezi-50% DoD ngaphandle kuka-~3,000 ezi-100% DoD.

I-BMS njengomphathi: Konke Umphathi Othintelene Uthuthela Ubude Bokuphila Kwesilumo Sebhatere

Imisebenzi eyisiseko yeBMS eyodwa ethuthela ubude bokuphila kwesilumo sebhatere

Inkinga enkulu yokusebenza kwe-Battery Management System (BMS) iyasebenza ngokuvivinywa ukuhlongwa kwegesi ngendlela ebalulekile yayingozi kanye ngezinkomba ezintathu eziphathelene nawo:

• Ukuhlola okuhlelekile kwegama eli-phasi le-voltage ne-temperature (uphumano oluthile ±0.5%), okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kuqala kabusha ngaphambi kokuthi kufinyelelwe izindlela zokunquma
• Ukulungiswa kwegesi ngokuzenzakalelayo , okusiva isilinganiso sangaphandle esizosetshenziswa ngaphezu kwesilimi futhi kumemele ukunqamuka okukhulu kusuke kungaphazimise kakhulu
• Ukulawula SoC okuphazanya isilinganiso sokusebenza ku-20–80%, lapho izinto zokugcina i-electrochemical zihlanze—kuyashayela ukungena ngaphezulu kuya kuye 300% ik comparison na-full-range cycling

Ngokwesibonelo, lezi zinkomba zombili zikhubaza izindlela zokuhlala ezibalulekile, ekunciphisana ukusebenza okuhle kwezinkinga okuphinde kube khona ngaphezulu kuka-20–40%.

Iziphawulo zomsebenzi we-BMS: Ukunqamuka kwegesi, ukungena kwegesi ngaphezulu, nokulahleka kwegesi ngaphansi kokulahleka

Xa izisusa ze-BMS zihlatshelwa, ukulahlekelwa kuguqula ngokushesha:

1. Ukwenza okuningi (>4.25 V/selule yase-NMC/LiCoO₂) kuthinta ukuxidwa kwegaseli ngokushisa nokulanda kwelithiyamu yesilasi, kakhulu kuhlanganiswa ngenxa yokuphazanyiswa komthelelo ngeminyaka engu-25–40%
2. Ukuphazanyiswa okugcwele (<2.5 V/selule) kuthuthukisa ukusobala kwesikhephe sangaphandle sokolatha futhi kuthinta izikhathi ezimfushane zangaphakathi, kakhulu kujika umthelelo ohlelekile
3. Ukuphathwa okungcono kwezindleko , ikakhulu ukusebenza okuphinde kuzenzeka ngaphezulu kuka-60°C, kuthuthukisa ukuphazanyiswa kwe-exothermic—kungakhathalwa ukuthi kufinyelela ekuphazanyiseni kwezindleko ngaphansi kwezikhathi ezi-10

Inkinobho eyodwa engcono ingasusa inani eliphelele lezikhathi ngolesibili—noma ibe yizindleko zokubuyisela eziningi kunesandla $740,000 kumisebenzi ongcwele (Ponemon Institute, 2023). Amakhapo amathuba aqinile asebenza njengokuhlenga ngokusekelwe kumadetekthi athile, izixhumanisi zezinhlelo zezobuchwepheshe, nezikhathi zokuphendula ezingaphansi kwezikhathi ezi-10 ms.

Ukubala ubumnandi be-BMS: Ukucopheleka, Ukulungiswa, nokubhalwa kwe-SoC Ngokuphepha Kwamabhethri Ekhombisa I-Energy Storage

Ukulinganisa ubuncopheleka be-BMS—kungani iziphazanyiso ze-±3% SoC zibaluleke kakhulu ekuphepheni kwebhethri yekugcina i-energi ngokudlule iminyaka

Ukucopheleka kwe-SoC kwi-±3% kuyisidingo—akuyi okungafuneki—ukuze kuphindekele ubude bebhedi yesithothobhedi yekhilethi. Iziphumo ezingaphezu kwesi gciniko zibangela ukusebenza okuphindwe ngaphandle kwegunya elihlakaniphiyo kakhulu, ekhuthaza izilingo zokwephula kuze kube ngu-30% emodeleni yokwephula ngokushesha. Isiphumo sikhombisa inani:

Imikorsho embalwa yokuphatha izibane zokugcina ibhayithiri ihlanganisa ukubala kwe-coulomb enzululwini nezilimi ezihlelekile ze-Kalman. Lezi zilimi ziyintambo ephathelene ngokushesha uma kushintsha izinto njengekuguquguquka kwegadini, imbono yebhayithiri, nokuthembeka okuphakade. Ngokuphambene, izixhenxe ezingcono eziqukethe kuphela uvoltage azifuni kangako lokhu. Zizohlwaya ngokuchaza, zihlatyelana ngaphezulu kwe-8 iphesenti emva kokugcina amakhadi ayizindilinga ezingu-100. Lo myalelo wahlukile ugcinezela futhi kube yinkinga ekhona empini, okunjalo ke bazo bonke ababili bayobonisa ubuchwepheshe buhlukene bamandla ngaphakathi kweminyaka engu-18 yenkolo.

Iziphatikozelo ezivimbela kuBMS ezinzima ngendiza: Ukulinganiswa okungahambelani nokuhlatyelana kwe-SoC okufihliwe

Ukuhlatyelana okuphakeme kwe-SoC kukusingo oluncanyiwe kakhulu kweBMS engaqondakaliyo. Izixhenxe ezinzima zazenzeka zibonisa >5% SoC emva kokugcina amakhadi angu-50 ngokuvamile ngokuzenzakala:

• Ukuhlatyelana kwegadini okungafakiwe phansi ekuguqukeni kwegadini
• Ukungabi kwezivikelo ezivalelweyo ngokulinganisa nezilinganiso zorefere nsi
• Izimodeli ezigcwele ezingekwazi ukudala imodeli yesibhedhi esihlaziywa

Xa izibhamu liyaphula ukulandela izimo zokugcwalisa, khona-khona kuyaphakama ukuthi ligcwaliswe kabusha ngaphandle kokuthi kukhona umuntu ofunda okuthile. Ukubuka iintsalela ezipheleleyo ezintloko ethunyelwe kumgangatho wamandla, le ndlela yamanje yamanje ayafika ukuba ihlulela ngama-2.3 ngokungafanelekileyo. Okukodwa kwezi ziphazanyo kuqala kususelwa kuzinkinga nge-lithium okutholakala emaceleni namathambo amancane athi dendrites aphindaphindwa kumgcobo osuke kumgcobo. Indaba engcono kukuthi kukhona izinketho ezilungile kangaka. Iintsonga ezifana nezobuchwepheshe zihlala zenza izivikelo zomsebenzi futhi ziqinisekisa izivikelo ngamaqedi amaningi ngemuva kwesikhathi esigcwele. Lokhu kuyakugcina izilinganiso zokugcwaliswa kufudume olukulingana no-2.5% kakhulu kwezinto esizifuna kuzibanga njengoba isibhamu siphila, lokhu kufakazela okungenani ama-80% xa abantu badinga ukusebenza okuhle kwezinsuku zabo zokugcina.