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Lokhuze kule ndzimbo, izindlela zethu zokusebenzisa amandla kufanele zisebenze ngokwesibonelo sokuthi xa sikhuthaza izilungu kungenzeka ukuthi kungabi ngesikhathi esifanele. Sebenzisa izinhlobo zokuvamisa izilungu zomhlaba zilandelayo, ziyasebenza ngokugcwele kusihlango lasekuhlambeni, fela amakhaya angenzeka ukuthi ayithathe izilungu kakhulu esikhathini sangaphambilini faya futhi lapho kuthathwa isicathami. Lapho ke amabhethri ayasebenza, akhumbula ukuthi kugcinwe amandla wokuvamisa izilungu xa kungaphilakale ukuthi kutholakale. Fela lokhu kungcono kakhulu xa kubheka ukuthi izinhlobo zokuvamisa izilungu zomhlaba ziyakhula ngokushesha ngempumelelo ezingama-30% ngonyaka ngokwesicatfo sokutholwa kwe-SolarQuarter lase-2025. Xa abantu bathumele lezi zinhlobo zombhethri ngezinhlobo zokuvamisa izilungu zomhlaba, bengithumele ukuthi kugcinwe kwezinye izilungu ezingama-80% ezitholakala ngemva kokutholwa kwezinhlobo zokuvamisa izilungu. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kungabi nje kuphela ukuthi kutholakale amandla wokusebenzisa izilungu zomhlaba ngesihlango, kepha kungaba nezinhlobo zokutholakala amandla wokusebenzisa izilungu ngesihlango nasebusweni.
Imigqa yokusebenza yehibhridi iyabelana nezinkqubo zokunyela umoya wesikhwama nezibhanki zokugcina umoya ukuze kube lula ukusebenza kwemigqa yokunyela umoya. Ezinsukwini ezinhlanu lapho kuyashisa ngokukhulu, le paneli zokunyela umoya ziyasebenza ukuze zivikele indlu bese zicinga umoya ophakathi kwezibhanki ukuze usekelwe kamva. Uma imizi yamafuza iyavuleka noma kusilela bese ukunyelwa umoya kwezinhlanu kuyasula, le migqa kuqala ukusebenzisa umoya owagcinwe kuzibhanki bese kuyabuyela esikhwameni. Izinhloko zokontrola ezinhlelwe ziyasithintha ukuthi umoya olungile okungenayo usekelwe ngokushesha, oku kuthintela ukuthi kufunekwa ukukhokha izindleko ezinkulu zokunyelwa umoya kwekampani yemigqa lapho kuzinikezwa izindleko ezinhle. Ngaphezulu, kukhona okuqukethwe okuhle futhi le migqa iyabuyisa umoya wesikhwama ngokuzenzekela lapho kunezindleko zokunyelwa umoya, ngakho ke izinto eziphatha kakhulu ziyasebenza ngendlela elula ngaphandle kokuthintwa ngumuntu.
Ekuhlweni kwezinhlayiya zasematheni kuzodwa izinhayeli zokuxhuma, ezingena njengekulawuli komoya wezomoya evela phakathi kwezinhlayiya, izinhawu zokugcina nokuhlolwa kwamandla. Lezi zinhayeli zinezindlela eziningi zokwenza ngokuvamile: kuqala zingcina umoya ohlelwe esibonelwa ngokuthiwa ngumoya oqondile okutholakala kuzo zokugcina. Ezinye izinhayeli zintsha ziyacelisa futhi. Zingcina ukubona ukuthi yini engenzeka ngemizuzwana yisikhathi esithile esigciniweni bese zingqinise kahawukuphela okudingekayo kakhulu. Izivivinyo zekhombisa ukuthi le ndlela enempilo iyenza izinhlayiya zisebenze ngakunye kwezingu-18 kuya kwezingu-25% ngaphezulu kwezintsha. Futhi abantu abasebenzisa izinhlayiya zabo? Bese bendodwa ukusetshenziswa kwezomoya ezitholile kuzo ngokungu-50%, okungenza ukuba kube lula ukulalela kakhulu kanye nokuthula kwezindleko.
Izinhlelo zokugcina izibane lezinhlanu zinhle kakhulu ekunqamiseni amandla aphezulu wokwenzwa yasemini bese kubuyiselwa emini noma kuzimanzini ezimnyama. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izibane zokwenzwa azizokusebenza kuphela ngemini kodwa bezokunyusa amandla ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuthula okuncane ukuthi singathanda ukusebenzisa ikhilibho lemandla lezinye. Ngokuvumelana nezibane eziphethwe kwe-10 kWh. Oku kungcolisa ukuthi izindlu zingagcina izinto eziphambene nezindlela zokusebenza ngokuthi zilale, izibhobho, futhi maybe kunezinye izinto ezingama-12 ku-18 amahora lapho kungakho amandla apholile.
Imicaba yokuphatha ngezulu iyunisa imicaba engokwemeko nezokugcinwa kwezulu ezinhle, ngokuvamile iqukume ezinhle zokuguqula amandla apho abantu bayisebenzisa amandla wabo kokuqala. Lapho kunezulu efanayo egcwetshiwe, le micaba izothumela kwi-batteries esikhundleni sokuthumela konke kwi-grid yokumisa amandla, okwenza ukulinganisa ngokuhlu kwezulu lapho kwenziwa futhi lapho kusetshenziswa. Incazelo evela kumathikimane yokuphatha amandla okuthi yilapho kufundwa ngokuthi izifamili zithatha amandla kanjani ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kune micaba ethile evena ukujikeleza imvume yezulu lokuphakathi noma kungaphambili okunguqirha noma kunguqirha, ukuvumela ukuthi i-batteries ligcinwe ngemizuzwana engcono futhi lishabe amandla egcinwe lapho kudingeka kakhulu.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamuva kokuhlanganiswa kwamandla elanga ezindlini kubonisa ukuthi amakhaya anezikhungo zokugcina amabhethri athola amazinga okuzisebenzisa afinyelela ku-60%, uma kuqhathaniswa no-20-40% ezinhlelweni ezingenakho ukugcinwa. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwenza izinhlelo ezisekelwa amabhethri zibaluleke kakhulu ezifundeni ezinentengo yesikhathi sokusetshenziswa noma ukungazinzi kwenethiwekhi okuvamile, kunciphisa izindleko zikagesi zonyaka ngokwesilinganiso esingu-$580$1,200 (Ponemon 2023).
Amakhaya asebenzisa amandla elanga agcinwe amabhethri anciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngogesi ngokufaka amandla amaningi emini ukuze asetshenziswe ebusuku. Amabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) anikeza ukusebenza kahle okufika ku-98% kokuya nokubuya phakathi kwemijikelezo yokushaja, okwenza amakhaya akwazi ukubhekana nezidingo zawo zamandla kagesi ngonyaka ezingama-40-80%. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuthuthukisa ukuzimela kwezamandla futhi kunciphise ukuchayeka kwesikhathi eside kwezikhungo.
Izinhlayo zokuxhumana nezokugcinwa kwe-battery zinikeza ukusebenza okuphezu kwezinkinga zokunqelwa kwe-grid, zinikeza amandla kwezinto eziphambene ngeke ziphume, njengokucubungula, izinhlelo zokugcina izifo, namathulawa we-internet. Izinhlelo zokugcinwa zokushisa ziyasebenza ngemizuzwana emibili ngokweqile ukunqelwa-kuhlela kwezinkinga zokusebenza kwamaqondo noma ukungcola komthwalo.
Ngesikhathi sikaHurricane Elsa (2023), izindlu eFlorida ezine-battery storage ye-10–20 kWh zakhumbula amandla kwa-3–5 izinsuku, futhi izindlu eziphathelene ne-grid zayiphume kwezinkinga eziphakeme. Lezi ziziphikiso sawona ezibonakalayo ezindlini eziphansi kwezindlela zokuphezulu kwezilwane, lapho izinhlelo zokushisa-nezokugcinwa zayikhansela isebenza se-generator yezinkinga nge-72% (Energy Security Report 2024), eshukumisa izindima zazo kumathuba wokulungiswa.
Kodwa iziphumathi zasolari ziyasebenza ngokwesikhwama nezinh storage battery, zenza isithemba sendawo esemle kakhulu esingasebenzi ngemizuzwana ephuzekayo lapho kudinga kakhulu ukukhishwa kwe-grid. Abantu abayinstala leli zinhlobo zokugcinwa kwezinsuku zokuthiwa kwezulu evela kwehora kancane, bese bayisebenzisa yona ekuhleleni lapho izindleko zokushisa zakhona. Ngokwesicelo esisha, abafundi abasebenzisa izinhlayo ngokwesikhwama nezinsuku zasolari bathola ukunciphisa izindleko zokushisa ngama-50% kuya ema-75% kulabo abasebenzisa kakhulu i-grid (EIA Report 2024). Noma ngiyini na iminyaka eminingi, le ndlela yokusebenza iyaphelwa kakhulu noma iminyaka eminingi, lokhu kunguqukayo kwezindleko zokusebenzisa i-electricity, le ndlela iyaphelwa kakhulu.
Izinhlayo zasembe zasembe (LiFePO4) ezintsha zilala kwezwa kwezulu—zilala kanjena noma ngaphezulu kwezinsuku zokusebenza kwezinsuku zasolari—kuyadinga ukuthi zilale kwezwa kwezulu, futhi kuyadinga ukuthi kunciphise izindleko zokubuyisa futhi kuthole ukunciphisa ngokwesikhwama nezinsuku zokugcinwa.
| Iqoqo Lendawo | Umthamo wokuphila | Izindleko Zokubuyisa (2025) |
|---|---|---|
| Amaphaneli Amasolar | 25-30 iminyaka | $6,800 - $10,200 |
| Ibhuku lifepo4 | 15-20 iminyaka | $4,500 - $7,500 |
Ukunganisa kwezindustri ukubonisa ukuba ukudibanisa izindawo zokugcina kuzindlela zasematheni zenhance ingxenye yemali ngama-29-81%, nangemikhiqizo yasemaphetheni kanye ne-30% yokukhokha izindleko zemali zokuthenga ukusiza ukuthuthukisa izindleko zokubuyela.
Izimbotyi ze-LiFePO4 zinikeza ukubuyela kwenkomishi ngokukhona kwezimali zazo ezingama-6,000+ futhi azinayo izidingo zokulungiswa—zilanga kathathu kwezinye ezimbile. Kuzemaphetheni ezinhlanu, izinhlelo zasematheni-nokugcina ziyaye kuzindleko zokubuyela ngama-6-9 iminyaka bese zenza ama-$17,400-$23,100 ekuphileni kwemali kuzindawo ezingama-20 (Isigodi Solwandle seNkampani Yemali 2023).
Ukuba sikhuluma ngezinhambisano, kufanele isethwe yamagijimi yesilungu ehlukaneneyo engaphandle kweminyaka etshanu. Sizokuthiwa sikhona ukuthuthuka kusukela ngo-$1.96 ibhiliyoni ngo-2024 kuze kube yilili -$5.6 ibhiliyoni ngo-2032 ngokwesiphoromo seSNS Insider eshoniwe ngoqo. Kungani? Okwamanye abantu balela kakhulu ngemali yabo yezokudla manje, amagijimi ahlukaneneyo ayikhona, nabagoverni baziya kumalule kuzindlela zokuvikela izindaba. Okunye okwamanye abantu bakhona ukuthi amagijimi aphawulwa kanjani nezinhlobo zokuxazela amagane. Sibonakala kusukela kwezinye zokuxazela amagane ezintathu zingxenye zokuxazela amagane ezintathu zingxenye zokuxazela amagane ezintathu zingxenye. Lapho lezi ziteknoloji zihlanzela, abasebenzisa amagijimi angasebenzisa izinko ukuthola amalungelo ngoba izinko zokusebenza zingcaba ngezikhathi zokusebenzisa amagijimi okudla kumalule kwezokudla kwezikhathi eziphambene.
I-tech ekuhlangothini, ekutholakaleni imodali yesilinda nezinye izilinda zokugcina, inemelwe ukuba 28% okuntuleli ngokungcolana nezilinda zase lithium ion. Lapho izindlu ziwelwe kuzo, abasebenzisa kuzothola ukuphatha okuzenzakalelayo kwezinye izinhlobo zokushisa nokulula futhi ukulayisha i-vehicle elekthriki ngesikhathi esifanayo, okwaziwa ukuthatha amandla amathile. Iziqembu ezikhankanyekileya ziza kuthenga izinhlobo eziphelele ezihlanganisa izilanda zokulandela amanzi nezilinda zokugcina, khona nezinye izigaba ezine 25 unyaka olugcinwa ngokushesha. Lezi ziqiniso zombonisi ukuthi le ndawo entsha ziyasebenza ngokulungile kakhulu lapho kuthatha izikhathi zokulayisha nezinye izinto zokuthwala.
Ukulungisa kuka-2025 kwezindlu ezi-2,800 eNorth American zathola ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu emuva kokuthola izilinda zokugcina amandla nezilanda zokulandela amanzi:
| METRIC | Ngaphambi kokuthola ESS | Emuva kokuthola ESS | Ukuthuthukiswa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukuthandana ne-grid | 82% | 29% | -65% |
| Ukusebenzisa noma kuthole amandla amathile | 41% | 89% | +117% |
| Iindlela zokugcina umoya ngonyaka | $880 | $2,340 | +166% |
Imiphumakelo iyafani nazo ezinye izinto eziphathwayo kumathuluzi wokugcina umoya phakathi kwabantu. Bayethetha ukuthi leli qoqa lizophikelela ngokupelile ku-$35 ibhiliyoni ngokungu-2034 ngoba amabhethereya aselwe ngokwezimali aphakathi kwe-14% ngonyaka. Abakhokho abakhona kaphakathi kwamathunzi bengquma ukuthi bakhokhe ngokuphezulu kwezinyathelo zokugcina umoya ezikwenzakaleni ukuba zilindele ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili ngaphandle kwezindleko. Lezi zinhlobo ziyakwengeza ukuphakisa amabhethereya aphakathi kwezinye ezimbili ukuthi izinto eziphambene nezinto zokulula zilindele noma lapho kuthunyelwe umoya ngokuphezulu kwezinsuku.
Ukugcina umoya ngokwamabhethereya kuvumela abakhokhi ukugcina umoya olutholakala ngaphandle kwezinsuku zokulula ukulandela ukusebenzisa ngenxa yalezo zikhathi, ukuthula ukuthandana nezindleko zokunyusa izulu.
Yebo, imigqa yesithuthi nezinh storage yebhethereyi ingakhipha ukusebenza okuphelelewa kwezindlela zokukhishwa kwe-grid, kubekwa izinto eziphambene nezimali zisebenza.
Izibhethereyi zomqele we-lithium iron phosphate zilipha phakathi kwezinye 12 ne-18, zifanayo noma ziyinkimbinkimbi kuzindlela zokusebenza kwezinh solar panels.
Ngokwesimo nesigaba, izinhlobo zokugcina nezinh storage ziyafinyelela kwezindlela zokuphumelela kwezinye 6-9, ngezimali ezingaphansi kwe-$17,400–$23,100 kusukela kwezinye ezilima.