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Ukusebenza kwe-batteries e-lithium ion kuyadinga ukuthi bathi yini amakhemikhali abalwe ngazo, oku kubangelisa ukuthini kwezimali ezikhathwa kuye kwezimali nokuthi kungakanani isebenza sakho. Sebenzisa izinhlobo zebhethri zesi-LCO, le Ngezinhlobo zesi-Lithium Cobalt Oxides ziyakhathwa kwezimali kakhulu endaweni encane, ngalesonto siyathola lezo ezi-manje ethu nezinhlobo zesi-phones nezinhlobo zesi-tablets. Kepha kunezici ezithile lapha ngoba aziyakwazi ukulawla ukwanda kwamandla, kubangelisa ukuthi kunezinkinga eziphakeme zokuphepha phakathi ngemigomo ethile. Ekuqaleni kwama-LiFePO4, noma Lithium Iron Phosphate, oku kuthuthukile kakhulu kusukela kunesicelo esikhulu esikhundleni. Le batterhamu ngeke iyakhala ngokokhuthula noma lapha kungaba nekhwelo, ukwenza kweyinto encane kakhulu yezinto ezinkulu ezijwayelekile ngendawo esebenza kakhulu. Le batterhamu zesi-NMC ziyakhipha ukuthi kungakanani ukusebenza phakathi kwezinto ezithile. Ziyakhathwa kwezimali ezifanele nekuthula kakhulu kunezinhlobo zesi-LCO ngenkathi zisebenza kahle kakhulu kwezinye izinto. Umqondo wokuphatha amabhethri kakhulu wasebenzisa amabhethri esi-NMC kwezinhlobo zesi-EV ngisho noma kusebenza kahle kakhulu ngenkathi kungabikho ukuthi kungapheli kakhulu noma yikuphi okunye. Lapho kubheka amakhetho amabhethri amanye, abasebenzisa kufanele bahlale ukuthi yini amakhemikhali abalwe ngazo, ukuthini kwezimali nezinkinga eziphakeme zokuphepha zokuthi yini izinhlobo zokuchemba ngokwesicelo ngokwesikhathi.
Izinhawu eziphathwa kakhulu ngamandla kuzoba kubonakala kakhulu kuzinzanise kwezinhawu, okuqukethwe kakhulu xa kusebenzisa izinto nezithuba. I-Batteries zokuthi Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) zinezinhawu eziphezulu ngasikhati, okuqukethwe ukuthi ke ngantokwana abasebenzisa kakhulu kumagatshetelwe nezilapi ngaphandle kokuthunga kakhulu. Okulandela ngisho na nezinhawu ze-NMC abasebenzisa kakhulu ukuthi kuzokwenzela ukuthi kuzibe nezinhawu eziningi futhi kuzibe nezinsuku ezingi zokulayisha ngaphandle kokuthi kuzokwenzela ukuthi kuzibe nezinhawu eziningi. Kuye kunezinhawu ze-LiFePO4 abasebenzisa kakhulu ukuthi kuzibe nezinhawu ezingenelela kuzo, kodwa akukho into engithanda ukuthi kuzokwenzela ukuthi kuzibe nezinhawu eziningi noma kuzibe nezinsuku ezingi zokulayisha. Ngoba le ndawo yehlisa ukuthi izinto zokulayisha ziphume kangakanani nezinsuku eziphume kangakanani, ukukhetha uhlobo lwezinhow lokuqukethwe kakhulu ukuthi kuzibe nezinhawu eziningi.
Izibhatheli zolithiyam yo-inon ziyahluka ngokulinganisa kwezimali ezisebenzisa ngaphakathi. Uhlobo lwe-LiFePO4 lifumene ngoba libona ngemva kwezinye ngokuthiwa yilapho kwehla kakhulu. Lezi zibhatheli zingasebenza ngeminyaka engu-10 futhi engu-15 uma kusebenzwa ngendlela efanele, lokhu kwenza kube khona kwezinto ezifana nezinhlayiya zokulethwa kweyisithandane noma izinhlayiya zokugcina kwezimali apho kubaluleke ukuthi kusebenze ngendlela ethembekile. Ngokwesikhalo, izibhatheli zika-NMC ne-LCO zisebenza futhi, kodwa zingahlela ngokushesha. Uma ubheka imibhalo yesikati esiyohlukanisa kwezinkampani noma uyifunda kwezinkomba zokudla kuhle kakhulu ukuthi uthole ukuthola isikhathi esifanele sokusebenza. Le ncazelo ikunikeza abasebenzisa inkubeko engcono xa baya kuthola ukuthola phakathi kwezibhatheli ezahlukene ngokuthi bafuna ukuthi yiliphi isikhathi esifanele sokusebenza.
Izinhlobo zebetheli zonke zinezimfanelo eziqondile okwenza kube lula kahle ukuthi kube ngokweqile kumaqondana olunye lolunye ngokusebenzisa kumaqhikizwe, amakhahle kanye namagadethi. Vimbela izinhlobo zeLCO ezenza kahle kumaqhikizwe amancane lapho kungabi khona ukudinga kwezimali ezikhulu, njengokwehlukaniswa kanye namagatsha. Lezi betheleli zingasebenze kakhulu ngaphandle kokuthintana nezimali ngokuthile. Uma kubizwa ngokugcinwa kwezimali ye-solar, izinhlobo zeLiFePO4 ziyisimo esifanele. Zingasebenzisa izimali ezikhulu ngendlela elula kanye nezibophelele kakhulu ngokushesha. Abantu abaningi abakhelwe kwezinyathelo zokugcinwa kwezimali kakhale yabo. Kuye kube khona izinhlobo zeNMC ezifaka uhlelo phakathi kwezimali ezengeziwe kanye nezimali ezisetshenziswayo. Lokhu kwenza kube yisimo esifanele kumaqhikizwe amakhane kanye nezilawuli zokusebenza. Ukubona ukuthi yimuphi umsebenzi owodwa ongakwenza kahle kwenza kube yisidingo sokuthola umsebenzi ongakwenza kahle. Ukubona iziphumo ezitholwe kumaqo kanye nezinto ezisebenza kakhulu kwenza kube yisidingo sokuthola umsebenzi ongakwenza kahle.
Ukuvikela i-voltage kakhulu lapho besizikhuluma ngezinto ezithile njengefoni, amalaptophu, futhi kanye nezinhloso zokuhamba ngemoto. Phakathi kwezinhlelo zonke kudinga ngaphezulu kwe-3.7 volts ngasinye iselula yokubamba amandla ukuze isebenze kahle, kodwa izinhloso zokuhamba ngamathila ziyachaza icala elitholwa ngokuphelele. Lezi zinhloso ezinkulu ngama-400 volts futhi ngaphezulu. Lapho kubekwa amathilafthi ngezinhlelo zokuvikela amandla (lithium ion batteries), ukuvumelana kwe-voltage nezidingo zokusebenza kwezinto zokuthi kungadingekile ukuthi siyakuthintana nezinto eziphatha amandla ngendlela enqo. Abasebenzisa kwezinhlelo zokuvikela amandla (IEC) abeza amadoda kule voltage, lokhu kunceda abasebenzisi ukudala izinhlelo zokuvikela amandla ezenza ngokuthi zisebenze ngendlela enqo. Noma ngenxa yale ndlela, amasimakathi ethu ayokulayeka kahle futhi izinhloso zethu zokuhamba ngemoto (EVs) kungase kuzenze ukuthi kuzithathe kahle.
Ukutholwa kweqembu le-ampiri (Ah) kanye nekhowudi yasekhombisa ukuthi ubani usuku olunye lasekhombisa kufanele kuthathwe kabusha. Iindlela zokusebenza, ezibhalwe ngokuthi zingama-watt, zithatha ukuthi yini lekhomba enokwenza xa kusebenzisa amandla. Kizokudinga ukulandelana ngokuphelele kwezinto ezidinga ukuthuthwa okuncane kokuqala, njengokusebenzisa izithuthi zokubhola noma izilaptopi zokudlala. Uma akukho nani elanele, isithuthi siyaphela kabusha. Uma akukho amandla, kusho ukuthi kuzohamba ngokuphelele kakhulu. Ukubheka izicathami zokusebenza kwezinhlanhla zama-Panasonic noma ama-Samsung zinikeza amaphawula athile ngale ndawo. Abasebenzisi abaningi bokwenza izinkomba zokusebenza kuthatha amahora angu-3 kuya ngaso amanani, ngoba ukutholwa phakathi kwekhomba encane noma engiye kakhulu kuthinta ukuthi kuyiphi indlela yokusebenza ngokuphelele.
Kungakanani i-batteries ingakelele izindlela zokuguqula ukuphila kakhulu kuzoba yimali yemisebenzi ye-lithium ion, ngakumbi xa kusetshenziselwa emathini noma kweqenye lezimali evela kwezimo eziphithwe kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezithile ze-lithium chemistry zisebenza ngempela ekuphileni okungcono noma ekuphileni okusheshayo kunazo. Isibonelo, izinhlobo ezithile zebhatteri ziqhubeka noma izimo ziphile ngaphansi kwe-0 degree Fahrenheit fela ezinye zingase kusebenzi phezu. Ukukhetha i-battery chemistry engcono kubenza ukuthi kube yimali yokuthi kungakanani okungase kuthinte ukuphansi kwezimo ezimweni eziphambene futhi ukuthole kakhulu ngeminyaka engu-100% ngaphambi kokuthi kudingekwe ukubuyiselwa. Izivivinyo emathini emvelo yemizwakalweni zonke izwe zibonisa ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile zebhatteri ziqinisekisa ukuphila phakathi nezindlela eziningi zokuphila, lokhu kungenxa yekuthi amandla amakhulu emasipala ake kanye nezinhlobo zazo ezidingekayo.
Ukuphila kwe-cycyle yebethi kuchaza ngokungenaphakathi ukuba yimalini amanani weecycle engasebenzisa yonke imvume futhi ithole kabusha ngaphambi kokulandelana kwamandla akhe. Kuye kubaluleke ukuba bekwe ukuphila kwe-battery, leli nomboro kudinga kakhulu xa kubalwa ukuthi yiziphi ibethi ezifanele ukwenza imali futhi yiziphi ezingenakho. Xa sibheka izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-lithium ion, i-LiFePO4 ishukela ngokukhulu kuba izwa kakhulu kuneminyaka engama-NMC noma LCO. Kunezinhlobo ezithi lezi bethe zokubhala izindlela zingasebenza ngeminyaka engaphezulu kancane futhi zingaphansi kwe-80% yendawo. Abasebenzisa lezi bethe bahlala bapapasha lezi zinomboro kuzo izinyathelo zabo, okukhomba ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthola izinkomba ezinembile futhi kungasebenzi ngokwezindlela zokuthengisa noma amagama akho kuphela.
Iningi lezinto ezisetshenziswayo namuhla zincike kakhulu kumabhethri agcwele amandla amaningi ukuze abantu bangadingi ukuwagcwalisa ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi amabhethri e-lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) avame ukukhethwa kaningi. Sibona amadivayisi amancane namancane efika emashalofini ezitolo muva nje, okusho ukuthi abakhiqizi badinga ngempela lawo maphakethe amancane asebenza kahle. Bheka noma yimiphi imibiko yamuva yocwaningo lwemakethe futhi izobonisa into efanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe abathengi bafuna izingcingo zabo, amaphilisi, nezinto zokugqoka zihlale usuku lonke ngaphandle kokudinga enye imali. Lesi sidingo sibumba indlela izinkampani ezikhetha ngayo amabhethri azo phakathi nemijikelezo yokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo, ngisho noma ngezinye izikhathi kusho ukubhekana nokuyekethisa phakathi kwemingcele yesayizi nokulindelwe kokusebenza.
Ukuqinisekisa ukulinganisa okuphakathi kwezindleko zokuxhuma nezinto zokugcina amandla kuzivikelekile kakhulu kumaqhina amandla. Bheka ukuthi yini enguqulweni noma uqale ukubona ngokubonakala ukuthi ke engaba yini i-NMC nezinhlanhla ze-LiFePO4 ziyavumelela kanjani. Le ndawo zingasebenza ngokuhambelana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene, okwenza kube khona kakhulu kumaqembisi. Abakhankatha bomaqhina bahlala bakhuluma ngokuthi yini indawo yamaqhina amandla iyaphezulu kanjani, futhi le phetho iphakamisa okunye okuchanekile: sinethi kudinga amagcina osabeke kakhulu ngaphandle kokuthile ukuphila kwabo. Indawo yonke iyashiyela kuzo izisombululo ezilinganisa le nto encinyana phakathi kwezindleko eziphezulu nezinto ezithulwa ngokude.
Izibathi zibalulekile kakhulu kwiindlela zokusebenza zaseqile ngoba zilondoloza yonke le nergi etholakala ngemva kwezinsuku ukuze isebenziswe ngemini xa isilwa sihla. Okubalulekile kakhulu kule ndlela zokulondoloza yileli ngokuba yiziphi izibathi zokulula nezifanele kanjani ngezinkinga zokulinganisa. Ngoko ke abantu abaningi baya kumelana nezibathi zika-LiFePO4 okwamanje. Lezi zibathi azikho luhlaza ngendlela ethile njengazo zinye nezidinga ukuba zilulamile kakhulu, oku kuyindlela engcono xa kusebenzisa izibathi eziqile kwiindlela zokusebenza. Ngokwemibuzo yamanye amaqela eseqile, izibathi ezisebenzisa lithiyam yokuphila, ngaphandle kwezinto zika-LiFePO4, zisebenza ngokona xa kufakwa ngezinsuku zeqile. Kunezinye izindawo zokusebenza zokuthola amathiselwe ukuba zinezimboni ezingama-85% xa kusebenziswe imisebenzi yokulungisa ngokuvamile kuzinyathelo zokusebenza.
Imipakethi engaphandle efanisele kakhulu kwezinkomba ezincane zokugcinwa kwezinhloko ukuze abekele ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza noma kube nezinhloko zokugcinwa xa kudingeka. Lapho kubatwa izinhloko zokwenza le nto, kudingeka kubonakale ukuphila kwazo ngemva kokulayisha kakhulu ngoba ukukhetha uhlobo olidala kungenzeka ukuthi lwenze imiphumo embi kusayithi sebentulo. Ukubheka izinkomba zokuthengisa eledlile kubonisa ukuthi izinkampani evela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokudlala nezinkomba zokusebenza zingenziwa ngokweqile kulezi zinhlobo zokugcinwa. Ithekni yezinhloko ayiyi ke into engiyifuna futhi kodwa iyadingeka ngokuqoqwa kwezinkampani ezingenzi ukuthola ukunciphisa izindleko noma kube nezinhloko zokusebenza ngokuthembekile lapho kunezikhathi zokungcola noma kunezikhathi zokuthenga ngaphezulu.
Uhlelo lokugcina amandla lwe-IES3060-30KW/60KWh luvelele njengokukhetha okuqinile kwezakhiwo ezidinga amandla amakhulu. Isebenza ngokuzikhandla emisebenzini yezimboni ngaphandle kokujuluka ngenxa yokulawulwa kwezinto ezishisayo okuhlakaniphile nokwakhiwa okuhambisana nezidingo zebhizinisi. Ukuhlolwa kwezwe langempela kubonisa ukuthi lolu hlelo lunikeza amandla aqhubekayo lapho kubaluleke kakhulu khona ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokukhiqiza. Izitshalo eziningi zithola ukuthi iba yitshe eliyisisekelo isu lazo lamandla ngoba nje isebenza lapho ziyidinga khona kakhulu.
I-bhatteri ye-LAB12100BDH iyasebenza kahle kwa 12V nakwa 24V, lokhu kwenza ukuthi kube yimaliwe ngokweqile kweqile kwezinhloso ezahlukene. Okuqhubeka kakhulu le bhatteri ngu ukuthi yincane kanjani kunoma yini engenza. Ukuze kube nemali ephumelelayo kwenza ukuthi izinto zisebenze ngaphakathi kwamaphoyinti ezahlukene, kusukela kwezindlela zokuvikela imali yekhurrente yasemkhakheni ukuya kwezinye izinhlobo zokungenisa imali yasemkhakheni abantu baletha ezinkundleni. Abasebenzisa le bhatteri ngokwabo bakhumbula iziphumo ezinhle ngokuhlanukwa. Babona ukuthi bahlala baya kule bhatteri LAB12100BDH lapho kudinga ukuthi kusebenze kahle futhi kube yimaliwe ngokweqile noma kungabi khona ukusebenza ngemva kokusebenza ngemva. Kuye kubani ofuna izinhlobo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuthi kusebenze ngokuphelelwe, le bhatteri yenzelwe into ekuhlanganeni noma lapho ezinye izinhlobo zingase kusebenzi.
Imimodi yesilayithiyimu iqukwe ngamanye amakhasimende aphakathi okunikeza ukwakha ngokwezifiso okuvumela ukuthi ayilangane nezindleko zokusebenza ngazo zonke, okwenza ukulungiswa kakhulu kwayo kuhlukahlukene nokuthi kahowusebenza ngokubanzi. Inhloso ebalulekile lezi ndawo ukuthi kungase kuthuthukiswa. Iindlela zokusebenzela zingase kudlulisela kakhulu ukuthi zingeniswe ngokwehla njengoko imisebenzi yasebenza iyaphakathi ngaphandle kokuthi kufanele kubuyiselwe kabusha umsebenzi wazo. Bona ukuthi yini okuhlukile xa amakhampani enqatula ukusebenzisa lezi mithi yamagijima amanqamle. Bayinikezwa ukuthi bathole ukwakha ngokwezifiso kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngemibuzo yalo nalokho kusebenza ngokuholela. Izisindo zokusebenza zingena ngokwehlukahlukene nezindleko zokusebenza ezenzeka kakhulu kwezifiso ngemva kwesikhathi.
Izibhatheli zomgca wokuphumelela kuzochanqa yonke into ethola yethu ngokusebenza kwezibhatheli zelithiyam lelithiyam kuleso manje, ngokubanzi kwezifiso zabo zokuphepha kanye nezindawo ezinhle zokugcina amandla. Kudingeka kakhulu le ndlela yokuthuthukiswa ngoba kungcola amandla anengiweyo ngaphandle kwezimbalwa zokuphumba ezithintekile yizibhatheli eziqine. Izivivinyo ezinhle ezingaba ngemva kwezinye izikhathi zibonisa ukuthi le zibhatheli ezintsha kungaba yisicelo esikhulu kuzo zonke izinkampani, kudinga kakhulu izinhlayiya nezinhlayiya zelithiyam lelithiyam. Bona ukuthi yini abasebenzisa amagca kwenyaka yamuva lapho bavavinya izibhatheli ezintsha phakathi kwezimo eziphakeme izikhathi bavumela ukuthi zibonakale kakhulu ukuphepha kwezindleke, lokhu kuyakuvumela ukuthi kusetshenziswe yini ngokuphumelelayo kuzo zonke izinto ezijwayelekileyo njengokuthutha kwezinhlayiya ezinde lapho ukungcoliswa kwebhatheli akudingeki kusebenze. Yini engenza le teknoloji ikhona kakhulu? Kuningi abakhululekile abathola ngokubanzi ngalesi sonto esisha, bakhombisa ukuthi teknoloji yomgca wokuphumelela kungaba yisicelo esikhulu sokuthuthukiswa kwethu kuzokugcina amandla kule nyanga ezayo.
Izimaterialo eziyokugcinwa zokuthutha kwezinkinga ezingekelwe kubatteri yesilithiyam. Kunezindlela ezintsha ezongeza izicathu ezifinyelelwayo kumadizayini abatteri futhi ukwenza ukuphatha kwamandla kusukela kweqile kakhulu. Lezi zindlela zinesabelo lokuthutha isikhathi sebatteri futhi ziculela ukwehla kwesibonelo, okuyindlela obalweni bamele ukuba bayifinyelele ngokuzenzekelayo. Uma ubuka kahle kusukela kwenziwa kumatheni, kuvumelwe yini lezi zinto zokuthutha kuzothuthisa izinkqubo zokugcina amandla ngokuphelele. Abasebenzisa batteri kuvumelwe yini ukuthi babuyekele kulezi zindlela eziyokugcinwa ngokutholwe kwezimboniso eziphumelelayo ezibonisa ukuthi lezi zinto ziyobenefitha yini lelihlabathi nasekutheni.
Ukulandelana kwezibhatheli eziyinhli yekhakhulu ukunciphisa ukungcola futhi ukutholwa kwezimali ezinhle njengokhobaltu ne-nickel. Izindlela ezintsha zenzele ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kuthathwe i-batteries ezisetyenzisiwe, ukunciphisa izindleko zokudalwa kakhulu. Xa izinkampani zenze izicelo eziyinhle zokulandelana, zinikeza ukuthandwa kwezindleko eziphathelene nezimali ezintsha ezitholakala kakhulu, okuqukethwe yinkimbinkimbo kakhulu kumsindo wokuphepha. Imaphakathi yamaye yekhakhulu ukuthi izilinganiso zokulandelana zakhona ukuthi ziyakhula ngokuvamile ngemva kwezinye izinkululeko, lokhu yindlela elungileyo yokuqaphela ukuphepha kwenyoka kanye nokugcina izindleko ngemvume. Ukujonga lezi zinto eziyakhula zenze kakhulu kubonakala ukuthi kufanele ukulandelana kube yinqo ephambene nezinto zokudalwa i-batteries ezinhli ngendlela ethinta kakhulu kwezinkampani nanye nenyoka.
