Ukucaciswa Imicaba Yemimandla Yasekhaya: Yiyiphi Indlela Ehlango Kwinkeni Yakho?
Isiqephu esincane: Ukulinganisa I-Lithium-Ion, I-Lead-Acid, Noma Okunye
Lokhuwa uhlela uhlelo lwekugcinwa kwezindlela zokusebenza, uhlobo lwebhetri yasekhaya okukhetha lwenza umfundiso wokusebenza, ukude kwalipha nokunyeke kwegoggo. Izinketho eziphawulwa kakhulu kuleli nyanga kuyizibhetri eziliyithiyam eli-ion, izibhetri zesiyaqo kanye neziteknoloji eziphethwe yilokhu ezifanalo nezibhetri zokubhala. Ngasemunye inezimboniso nezingxenye ezihlinzekayo, okwenza banele kwezidingo ezahlukene zezindlu.
Izibhatheli zokugcinwa kwe-Lithium-ion zibeke isigaba sephumelela kuzindleko zokugcinwa kwamakheli, ngokuba kuzinezinhlobo zokugcinwa kwezinga eliphezulu, ubukhulu obuncane, nekuphumelela kwezinsuku eziningi. Zinhlobo lezibhatheli zokugcinwa zenza amakhulu kwezimali ezingama-5,000 kuya ezingama-10,000, okungathi kuzokuphumelela kwezinsuku ezama-10 kuya ezingama-15 noma kuhle ukusebenzela—kufanele kwezimali ezingapheli ukulungiswa ngokuhle, kanye nokuphumelela kwezinsuku eziningi. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zokugcinwa kwe-Lithium-ion, izibhatheli zokugcinwa ze-Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) zenza amakhulu kwezimali kakhulu ngokuphezulu kwabo kwezimali (ubukhona obuncane be-thermal runaway) nokwakha kwezimali kahle kumaqondo amaningi, okungathi kuzokuphumelela kwezimali kwezikhaya kumaqondo amakhulu noma amancane.
Ibhetri yezincwadi ezizulu, okuyinkqubo yemvumelelo, ingcono kakhulu ngokwokuqala kodwa kunezindlela ezifanayo. Ine umthamo omfushane (2,000 kuya ku-3,000) futhu yinkulu futhi ingcono ukulayisha indawo yokufaka. Kwenza kanje kahle kumaqo amakhane futhu kudinga ukulungiswa ngokusebenza (ukugcina amandla kwelektrolayithi kuzo zonke izinhloso), okungaba yinkinga kubasebenzisi abaningi. Kodwa, bakhale kuyinto engcono kubantu abanemali encane noma nabo abaninga ukugcinwa kwezimali encane, njengokusebenzisa amathina amancane ekuvikeleni izinto eziphambene nezindleko.
Ibhetri le-flow, noma ngokungabi nomphakathi kwezindlu zezokudlala, kudingeka kubekwe amandla nezimo zokudala. Isebenzisa i-elektrolayithi ezifuywa ezilondoloziwe kuzindlela zokugcina ngaphandle, okuvumela ukunyakuna ngokushesha ngokwengeza i-elektrolayithi. Nge umthamo owangaphezulu kuka-10,000, kuyinto engcono kuzindlu ezinkulu noma kwezimali eziphakeme, kodwa izindleko zokuqala futhu indawo enkulu iyakhiwa kuyinto ephakeme kakhulu kubantu bonke.
Ukubala I-Capacity: Ukulandelana Kwezimali Nge-Consumption Yakho Yekhileti
Isihloko esifanileyo: Indlela Yokuthola I-Rating Ehlukileyo Yekhileti Yasekhaya Lakithi
Ukukhetha ibetheli yasekhaya enenani elilodwa le capacity kuyindlela ebalulekileyo ukuthola ukuthi iyahlukana nezimali zakho ngaphandle kokuthengisa ngaphezulu. I-capacity ikhombiswa ngemikwebo yekhileti (kWh), ibonisa inani lekhileti ethola ukugcinwa kwise. Ukuze uthole isize esifanele, qala ngokuvula inani lekhileti lasekhaya lakho lomzuzu. Buka imibiko yakho yokusebenza ukuze uthole inani lakho lomzuzu lokuqala—izindlu eziyisisekelo zithenga phakathi kwe-10 fela 30 kWh ngalolunyu.
Uma usebenzisa ibetheli nendawo yamaglazi apholile, ufuna fela ukubona ukuthi yini inani lekhileti yokuvela. I-Betheli kufanele igcine ukuthi kunezimali epholile yokulandelana nezimali zakho ezinsontweni noma ezinyekeleni. Isibonelo, indlu enethenga 15 kWh ngalolunyu fela ethenga 10 kWh kusukela maglazi apholile kudinga ibetheli enenani elingaphezu kwe-10 kWh ukugcina inani eliphakeme, lokhu kuthula ukuthandwa kwe-grid.
Imipengo yamandla okugcina amandla kanye nezinye izinto. Uma ufuna ukuba ibhatere ikhankatha amathina esenzakalelayo (ifridji, amalight, HVAC) ngenkathi kungena amandla, bala umkhawulo wamawatthi wale ndawo kanye noduku odinga ukuba uyilapha. I-bhatere yamakhilowaththi ayizintathu kungenzeka ukuba ikhankatha amathina esenzakalelayo kusuku lwesibhakabhaka kuya kwezintathu, futhi i-bhatere yamakhilowaththi ayizinhlanu kungenzeka ukuba ikhankatha kusuku lwesikhombisa kuya kancane.
Kunjalo noma kuhle ukubhekelela ukuthuthukiswa komanje. Uma ufuna ukwengeza amapaneli amabi, iyithile yenhloso yamandla, noma amathina amabi yamandla (njengokushisa kwehlathile), khetha ibhatere enobukhwele obukhanyayo. Kuningi imisebenzi yesikhathi esizayo etholeni ukwengeza amakhweyithi amanye, okuyindlela yokuthi uhlelo lwakho lokugcinwa luthuthuke ngenxa yezidingo zakho.
Ubucophele kanye nokukhululeka kwezulu: Uqinisekisa ukuthi kusebenza ngokudla ngokude.
Isihloko esincane: Izinto ezingena ngemibuso kwe-bhatere kuzimanyano ezahlukene
Ukuphila kwegolide yasekhaya kubangelwa ngqo enkosingeni yakhe emva kwezimo eziphambene nezimo zasekhaya. Isantya sokuphikiswa kwenzeka yindlela ebalulekile: amagolide angena ngempela phakathi kwama-20°C ne-25°C (68°F ne-77°F), kodwa ukusebenza kungadinga ukulala kwezimo ezikhulu noma ezibangelwa. Amagolide e-Lithium-ion, ngqo ke amagolide e-LiFePO4, ayancintsi ngempela, akhona ukusebenza ngempela nangemva kweminyaka yasekwe -20°C ku-60°C (-4°F ku-140°F), okwenza yona okulinganayo yekhaya emhlabeni noma kuzwe olunezimo eziphambene.
Isantya sokungwa kanye nezulu kwezinye izinto ezilungiselelwa. Amagolide ezilayishwe kwezikhala, ezindaweni ezincane noma ngaphandle kwezikhala kufanele zibe nezimalo zokulayela. Bheka amamodeli enobhalansi obungu-IP65 noma ngaphezulu, okubonisa ukuthi ziyancintsiwe kwezindlela kanye nezimalo zokulayela ngezinye iindlela - okubalulekile ukungena ngemva kwezindlela zokuphambwa nezinto zokuxhuma nezinye izinto.
Ukuphatha kwemekani kuyafanele kakhulu, ngakumbi kuma-batteries owakhiwe kizindawo eziphambene ngokuningi. Ikhomaphu elenziwe ngamagatya njenge-aluminum noma iphlasitiki elibekwe kakhulu iyakwazi ukuvikela izikhuthi noma ukuvutha, ukuthi ubateli bakhona ngokugcwele ngokudala.
Izimboniso zokwenhloso ziyindlela yokubonisa ubunzima. Izinhlobo ezinhle zinikeza izimboniso ezingaphezu kwezinye ezingu-10 kanye nezinye ezingaphezulu, kufakwe kwezimo ezithile kanye nokwehla kwenhloso (isb., ukubonisa ukuthi kunezulu elingu-70% lapho eminyakeni engu-10). Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi ubube ngokuthi isicelo sakho siyakhipa iminyaka yonke.
Ukuhlanganiswa nezinhloso zasolari nezinhloso zasekhaya esemkhulwini: Ukwenza ukusebenza okuphezulu
Isihloko esifanile: Yini Okuhlanganisa Kukwenza Ukuphila Kwemfokoko Yemfokoko
Kwabathintekisi obunemigca yasemkhathini, ukuthi ubateli bokuthunyelwa ngokuthembekile kumelwe kuthunyelwe kakhulu nokusebenza kwezinhloti zokubhola kwezinhloti zemkhathi. Ziningi lezinhloti zemkhathi yasekhaya ezinhlosoke ukusebenza nezinhloti zokubhola (zinhloti zokuthambisa, zinhloti ezingaphansi), kodwa kubaluleke ukubheka ukuthi zingumelene ngeku before ukuthenga. Kunezinhloti ezithile, njengalezo zomkhiqizo ongcono, onezinhloti eziphakelwe khona, okuphazamisa ukufakwa nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza.
Ukuthunyelwa kwezinhlelo yasekhaya into enye ethenhisa ukusebenzisa. Lezinhloti ezenekileyo ne-Wi-Fi noma i-Bluetooth zokuxhumeka kuzokwenzelwa ukusebenzisa ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zemakhasi, okuvumela ukupakamisa ukusebenzisa amandla, ukushintsha izimpawu zokulayisha, futhu ukukhetha amandla kwezinhloti ezithile. Isibonelo, ungenisa ubateli ukulayisha ngezinsizakwesibili (lapho amandla aphakeme kancane) noma ukulayisha ngezinsizakwesibili ukuthi uthinte amandla amaningi, okuthulasela amathibimu okhona.
Izisiteme ezinhleli fakela ukusebenza kwamadoda, njengokuthi kubikezwa ukuphendula kwezimali, lapho ibhateli iyathumela ku-energic evela kumagridi ngemva kwezinsuku zokudinga kakhulu ngokunawo amakhredity ku-makhampeni wezimali. Lokhu akuthola ukuncipisa izindleko kodwa futhi kutsenge ukuthuthukiswa kwezimali nezimali ezenzekelayo.
Iindleko kanye ne-Rate of Return: Ukulayisha Iindleko ekuqaleni kanye nezindekile kudlule kusasa
Isihloko esifanile: Ukubala Iindleko Zokubuyela Futhi Nezinkinobho Ezitholakalayo
Noma kunjalo, ibhateli yasekhaya ibe yidinga ukuthuthwa okukhulu kuqala (kuya kwe 5,000 iye ku 15,000 yisistimu ejwayelekileyo ye-10 kWh), izindleko zabo ezindekile kudlule kusasa zingakwenza ngokuthakazelisa ukutheni. Isikhathi sokubuyela sidlule kusasa sikhokhelwa kizinto ezifanileyo nezimali zokudla, ukuphatha kwezolar, kanye neffisiyensi yebhateli. Kizindaweni eziphansiwe kakhulu izimali zokudla noma kuzinyuka kakhulu ukungena kwezimali, ibhateli ingakubuyela sidlule kusasa ku-5 iye ku-10
Izikhuthazo nezaphulelo kunganciphisa izindleko zokuqala. Ohulumeni abaningi banikeza izaphulelo zentela yokugcina amandla avuselelekayoisibonelo, i-US federal solar tax credit ihlanganisa u-30% wezindleko zebhethri uma ihlanganiswe namapaneli elanga. Izinkampani zasendaweni zingase zinikeze nezaphulelo noma izinhlelo zokulinganisa, lapho amandla agciniwe agcinwe ebhethri angathengiswa emuva enethini, okwenza izindleko zibe ngcono.
Lapho uqhathanisa amanani, cabangela izindleko eziphelele zokubamba, hhayi intengo yokuqala kuphela. Ibhethri elishibhile elinomkhawulo omfushane wokuphila lingase libize kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yezindleko zokulibuyisela, kuyilapho ibhethri elisezingeni eliphakeme elinesikhathi eside sewaranti lingonga imali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izitayela Zomkhakha: Ikusasa Lokugcinwa Kwamandla Ekhaya
Isihlokwana: Ukuqamba Okwenza Amabhethri Asebenze Kakhulu Futhi Afinyeleleke Kakhulu
Isibonelo sokugcinwa kwezinhu sikhathi esifuphi, nezinto efanayo njengokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukutholakala kanye nokugcinwa. Okunye kwezinhlobo ephambene ngokuthuthukisa izinhu zokugcinwa ze-lithium-ion ezifutile, eziguqula izinhlanu zemali ngokushintshela izinhlanu zemali. Lezi zinhu zinikeza ukusebenza kahle kwezinhu, ukulayisha ngokushesha kanye nokuguqula ukuphepha, ngemva kwalokho kuzobekwa phakathi kweminyaka engu-5 ezinglandelayo.
Ukugcinwa kanye nokuphila kuhlangene nezinhlobo eziphambene, ngekuthi kuzothonyelwa kakhulu izinto ezithunyelwe kanye nezindlela ezilandelayo. Isibonelo, amadoda angaba usebenzisa izinhlanu ezithunyelwe kulezi zinhu, ukunciphisa ukugcinwa kwezinhlanu. Ngaphezulu kwalokho, izinhlobo zokuthunyelwa izinhlanu ziyaphakama, ukuthi izinhlanu ezintsha ziqhutywe ngokushesha ukuze kuthunyelwe izinhlanu ezinobukhono, ukunciphisa ukungcola.
Endaba yintuthuko ukuthuthuka kwezinkundla zokumisa iphethini (VPPs), lapho izibhande zokugcina amandla ezenziwe yinto ehlukile kubantu abasebenzisa amandla okwenza ukuthi kungcono kwezilungu. I-VPPs ikhathiwa abasebenzisa amandla okugcina ukuthengisa amandla emkhathini lapho kungcono kwezilungu, ukuthola amasipho futhi ukuthuthuka kwezilungu - oku kungcono kubo bonke abantu nezilungu.
Ekugcineni, izindleko ezingaphansi zikhathuthuka ukuthi izibhande zokugcina amandla ezenziwe yinto ebonakalayo. Ngokwesicatshulwa sezingoqala, izindleko zezibhande ezijwayelekileyo zikhathuthuka ngaphezu kwe-80% ngemva yekhombe, nezindleko ezingaphansi ezilindelekileyo lapho ukukhiqiza kungaphezulu. Le nto, ngokuhlanganisa nezinto eziphatha teknoloji, ikhathuthuka ukuthi ukugcina amandla ezenziwe yinto ebonakalayo ezenziwe yinto ehlukile kubantu abasebenzisa amandla ekuhlwini kwamandla esibonakalayo emhlabeni wonke.
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